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軋箏

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軋箏,南方又稱作軋琴,是中國傳統弦樂器。其歷史悠久,據《舊唐書·音樂誌》載:“軋箏,以竹片潤其端而軋之。”宋代陈旸《乐书》记载:“唐有轧筝,以竹润其端而轧之,因取名焉。”[1]形制與類似,為長方形共鳴箱,面板上張弦數根,用細長竹片擦弦以拉奏。

明代朱载堉《明·郑氏子瑟谱》中曰:“今官筝十五弦,而世多用十四弦者”。南宋时,轧筝一度易名“蓁”[2]時期,軋箏為“七弦七柱”,顾瑛《玉山璞稿·斯歌二首》诗中曰:“锦筝弹尽鸳鸯曲,都在秋风十四弦”。[3]隨著歷史變遷,至清代,形制無變化,唯弦數由7根增至9根。[4]現代的軋箏經改良,以鋼絲為弦,共十一條,音域可達兩個八度以上。[5]

另外,軋箏傳至朝鮮半島越南後,逐漸演變為牙箏,進而融入韓文化和越文化。傳至琉球後則演變成提箏。在越南,這種樂器曾在順化宮廷雅樂中使用,但不再使用。

參考

[编辑]
  1. ^ 陈旸《乐书》卷一百四十六
  2. ^ 陈元靓《事林广记》说:“蓁,形如瑟,二头俱方,七弦七柱,以竹润其端而轧之”
  3. ^ 轧筝复原以及轧筝过去的故事. 
  4. ^ 《大清会典》记载:“轧筝三尺二寸有余。弦数十,以木杆轧之。”;《御製律呂正義後編》下:“筝似瑟而小,十四弦。……通体用桐木金漆,四边绘金夔龙,梁及尾边用紫檀,弦孔用象牙为饰……今筝十一弦则五声二变为七,倍之十一也”
  5. ^ 中国民族音乐在线 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2011-01-01.
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軋箏
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