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贤 (莎车).
贤(?—62年),东汉时莎车国王。
贤的父亲是忠武王延。建武九年(33年),他的哥哥莎车王康去世,贤继位。贤在位时莎车是西域最强大的国家,贤攻打诛杀拘弥国王、西夜国王,让康的两个儿子分别担任两国国王。
建武十四年(38年),莎车王贤、鄯善王安都派使者进贡汉朝,请求重新设置都护。光武帝刘秀因中原初定,没有答应。建武十七年(41年),莎车王贤派使者进贡汉朝,再次请求设置都护。光武帝以其父子兄弟相约事汉,赐给贤西域都护印绶,以及车辆、旗帜、黄金、锦绣。敦煌郡太守裴遵上书:“夷狄不可假以大权,又令诸国失望。”刘秀下诏书收回都护印绶,改为大将军印绶。莎车使者不肯交换,裴遵强行夺回。贤从此开始怨恨汉朝,仍诈称是西域都护,向西域各国发令,各国全都归附。建武二十一年(45年),莎车王贤骄横跋扈,想要兼并西域,进攻邻国,索求重税,车师前王国、鄯善国、焉耆国等十八国,派王子到洛阳为人质,奉献珍宝,希望汉朝再派西域都护。刘秀因中原初定,匈奴未服,让各国人质都返回,赐他们丰礼。西域各国知道后给敦煌太守裴遵呈送公文:“希望您留下我们的人质,向莎车国宣称:人质已被留下,汉朝的都护不久出关,望莎车暂且停止军事行动。”裴遵奏报刘秀,得到应允。建武二十二年(46年),西域各国当人质的王子长期留在敦煌,因为思乡逃回本国。莎车王贤知道汉朝没有派都护,出兵击败鄯善,击杀龟兹国王建。鄯善王安上书汉朝:“愿再派王子到洛阳做人质,再请汉朝派都护。若汉朝不派都护,只能被迫屈服匈奴。”刘秀回答:“今使者大兵未能得出,如诸国力不从心,东西南北,何去何从,自己选择。”鄯善国、车师国归附匈奴。莎车又杀于阗、姑墨、子合诸王,遣将镇守。
永平三年(60年),贤武力强占于阗、大宛、妫塞等三国,派莎车将领镇守。于阗人杀死了莎车守将君得,立休莫霸为王。休莫霸与拘弥联兵杀莎车驻守皮山镇将,先派太子领兵进攻,后来贤亲自率领西域各国数万军队攻打于阗,被休莫霸打败,贤只身逃回到莎车国。休莫霸包围莎车时,中箭而死。广德即位为于阗王,贤将自己的女儿嫁给广德做妻子。永平四年(61年),于阗王广德率各国兵众三万进攻莎车,用计将莎车王贤诱骗出城,将他擒获。次年,将他杀死,吞并了莎车国。
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