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荚果

荚果:豌豆的果实

荚果果实的一种类型,属于单果,是豆科植物特有的果实类型,心皮只有一枚(單心皮)。许多荚果以及其中包含的种子被人类当作蔬菜粮食中药食用,如大豆豌豆、槐树角等,常见的荚果包括紫花苜蓿(alfalfa,原产于伊朗),三叶草属(clover),豌豆(peas),豆类(beans),鹰嘴豆(chickpeas),小扁豆(lentils),羽扇豆(lupin bean), mesquite, 长角豆(carob),黄豆(soybeans),花生(peanuts)以及酸豆(tamarind)。荚果由单心皮雌蕊发育而成,在发育过程中沿心皮愈合处形成腹缝线,与腹缝线相对处形成背缝线,一些荚果在成熟之后會沿腹縫線和背缝线开裂(成熟後分裂成兩片),将种子崩散,荚果内一般含多粒种子沿着腹缝线着生,偶见仅有一枚种子的荚果,如紫穗槐、水黃皮。荚果的果皮多样,有些物种表面光滑如豌豆,有些物种表面被毛如大豆,有些果皮肉质如,荚果萼片宿存,着生于果蒂一侧。

有些種類的莢果成熟後,會呈現一節節斷落的現象,稱節莢果,例如山螞蝗屬的豆科稙物(蠅翼草)。 其他如鳳凰樹黃蝴蝶羊蹄甲刺桐相思樹水黃皮盾柱木阿勃勒等都屬於莢果。

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荚果
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