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裂爪獸亞科

裂爪獸亞科
化石时期:37–1.8 Ma
始新世-早更新世
石爪獸英语MoropusM. elatus)化石,展於美國國立自然史博物館
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 奇蹄目 Perissodactyla
科: 爪獸科 Chalicotheriidae
亚科: 裂爪獸亞科 Schizotheriinae
Holland and Peterson, 1914[1][2]

裂爪獸亞科學名Schizotheriinae)為奇蹄目下已滅絕爪獸科中的兩個亞科之一,屬植食性,生存於始新世更新世

分類學

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爪獸科下的另一個亞科為爪獸亞科,兩個亞科下的物種前腳均具有爪而不是蹄,主要是針對覓食的演化適應。與爪獸亞科不同的是,裂爪獸亞科於後腳上也長有爪。此外,爪獸亞科具有十分特化的身體架構,而裂爪獸亞科的則仍然與奇蹄目的其他物種,例如類似。裂爪獸亞科具有較爪獸亞科長的高冠齒,這意味著牠們是以更堅韌的植物為食。和其他棲息於森林的有蹄類一樣,裂爪獸亞科的物種具有較長的頸及前肢。

最著名的裂爪獸亞科當屬石爪獸屬英语Moropus,而最後存活的演化支傳統上認為是奈王爪獸屬英语Nestoritherium[3],但實際上奈王爪獸屬應是屬於爪獸亞科[4]

描述

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透過牙齒微痕英语dental microwear研究的分析顯示生存於中新世時期的裂爪獸亞科物種多以葉片、水果、樹皮及嫩枝為食。牠們的爪子主要用途是將位於高處的食物勾下來直至可食用的高度[2]。有些古生物學家認為這些爪子還有別的用途,例如剝下樹木的樹皮。雖然前肢的爪子很長,但是具有收縮的能力,因此行走時仍然能夠維持整個腳掌貼地。可收縮的爪子是裂爪獸亞科獨立演化出的特徵,其構造與貓科可收縮的爪子相異。較寬厚的後腳掌意味著裂爪獸亞科物種有能力以後足站立,依偎著樹去取得生長於更高處的食物[5]

棲息與分佈地

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由化石發現地的沉積物顯示牠們廣泛分布於不同的生態系,從來潮濕的森林到較乾燥的林地甚至是稀樹草原。相較於爪獸亞科,裂爪獸亞科的物種分佈更為廣泛,除了屬於爪獸科發源地的亞洲外,裂爪獸亞科的的物種亦分佈於非洲,甚至透過白令海峽擴散至北美洲

參考文獻

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  1. ^ Holland, W. J.; Peterson, O. A. The Osteology of the Chalicotheroidea with Special Reference to a Mounted Skeleton of Moropus elatus Marsh, Now Installed in the Carnegie Museum. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum. 1914, 3 (2): 203–205 [2023-10-16]. (原始内容存档于2022-09-01). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Coombs, Margery C. The chalicothere Metaschizotherium bavaricum (Perissodactyla, Chalicotheriidae, Schizotheriinae) from the Miocene (MN5) Lagerstatte of Sandelzhausen (Germany): description, comparison, and paleoecological significance (PDF). Paläontologische Zeitschrift (Berlin / Heidelberg: Springer). 13 Feb 2009, 83 (1): 85–129 [2023-10-16]. S2CID 140194075. doi:10.1007/s12542-009-0004-x. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-07-24). 
  3. ^ Hooker, J. J.; Dashzeveg, D. The origin of chalicotheres (Perissodactyla, Mammalia). Palaeontology. 2004, 47 (6): 1363–1386 [2023-10-16]. ISSN 1475-4983. S2CID 83720739. doi:10.1111/j.0031-0239.2004.00421.x. (原始内容存档于2023-08-11) (英语). 
  4. ^ New Chalicothere Species Found From the Late Miocene of the Linxia Basin of Gansu, China. Chinese Academy of Sciences. 2012 [2023-10-16]. (原始内容存档于2023-05-03). 
  5. ^ Mammoths, Sabertooths, and Hominids - PDF Free Download. epdf.pub. [2020-10-10]. (原始内容存档于2022-09-01) (英语). 

延伸閱讀

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  • Handa, Naoto; Kawabe, Soichiro. Femur of Schizotheriinae (Perissodactyla, Chalicotheriidae) from the lower Miocene Hiramaki Formation of the Mizunami Group in Gifu Prefecture, central Japan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2016, 36 (4): e1131163. S2CID 131390308. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1131163. 
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裂爪獸亞科
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