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爪腳獸

爪脚兽属
化石时期:中新世-早更新世
爪腳獸屬復原圖
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 奇蹄目 Perissodactyla
科: 爪獸科 Chalicotheriidae
亚科: 裂爪獸亞科 Schizotheriinae
属: 爪脚兽属 Ancylotherium
Gaudry, 1863
  • A. hennigi
  • A. pentelicum Gaudry and Lartet 1856
  • A. hellenicum Koufos 2012

爪腳獸屬學名Ancylotherium)為已滅絕爪獸科裂爪獸亞科下的一屬,生存於中新世晚期至更新世早期(1,160-180萬年前)歐洲亞洲非洲[1]稀樹草原。爪腳獸屬的近親為其他奇蹄目的物種,包含了已滅絕的雷獸科,以及現存的犀牛

分類學

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爪腳獸屬最初由Gaudry於1863年命名,並由Carroll於1988年將其分類至爪獸科下,並於2007年由Geraads等人將爪腳獸屬歸屬於裂爪獸亞科[2][3]

描述

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爪腳獸屬頭部復原圖,源自《與野獸共舞
A. pentelicum前肢及後肢化石

爪腳獸屬的肩高為2米(6.6英尺),體重可達450公斤(990英磅)[4],但個體間存在著不小的體型差異,可能與其他爪獸科同樣具有兩性異形[5]。雖然爪腳獸屬與其他爪獸科物種一樣具有較長的前肢及較短的後肢,但牠們並不會透過指節或爪背行走,這是所有裂爪獸亞科物種的共同特徵。

部分A. pentelicum個體其額骨具有明顯突起,同樣的特徵於生存於北美洲瘤頭爪獸屬英语Tylocephalonyx也能發現。但由於爪腳獸屬的親緣比起瘤頭爪獸屬,與其他生存於非洲及歐洲的裂爪獸亞科物種關係更近,因此增厚的額骨被認為屬於趨同演化,也意味著裂爪獸亞科物種可能都會透過撞擊顱頂來爭取配偶或地盤,類似於現存的長頸鹿[5]

爪腳獸屬具有所有爪獸科物種中齒冠最高的牙齒,這意味著牠們能以更堅硬的植物組織為食。傳統上認為爪獸科的物種的主要食物來源為葉片、嫩枝及樹皮[6]。但由於爪腳獸屬的顱骨曾經發現於中國樹木稀少的乾燥平原地區,牠們被認為相較其他爪獸科物種不那麼仰賴採食嫩植[7]

化石發現地

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爪腳獸屬的化石遺骸出土自上新-更新世英语Plio-Pleistocene地層的衣索比亞肯亞南非坦尚尼亞,其中於來托利奧杜瓦伊峽谷奧莫河更時常與人科的化石一同被發現[1],另外中新世地層的阿富汗希臘、肯亞、塞爾維亞與蒙特內哥羅土耳其[1];以及上新世地層的中國[7]也均有爪腳獸屬的化石紀錄。

參考文獻

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 PaleobiologyDatabase: Ancylotherium. paleodb.org. [November 5, 2023]. 
  2. ^ R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York 1-698
  3. ^ D. Geraads, E. Tsoukala, and N. Spassov. 2007. A skull of Ancylotherium (Chalicotheriidae, Mammalia) from the late Miocene of Thermopigi (Serres, N. Greece) and the relationships of the genus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
  4. ^ Ancylotherium - paleofiles.com. [2022-09-08]. (原始内容存档于2015-05-29). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Geraads, Denis; Tsoukala, Evangelia; Spassov, Nikolaï. [461:ASOACM2.0.CO;2 A skull of Ancylotherium (Chalicotheriidae, Mammalia) from the late Miocene of Thermopigi (Serres, N. Greece) and the relationships of the genus]. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2007-06-12, 27 (2): 461–466. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 54984434. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[461:ASOACM]2.0.CO;2. 
  6. ^ Kampouridis, Panagiotis; Roussiakis, Socrates J.; Giaourtsakis, Ioannis X.; Kargopoulos, Nikolaos; Svorligkou, Georgia; Theodorou, Georgios E. Ancylotherium pentelicum (Mammalia, Chalicotheriidae) from the late Miocene of Kerassia (Greece) and remarks on its intraspecific variability. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 2022-03-01, 102 (1): 193–203. ISSN 1867-1608. S2CID 235801479. doi:10.1007/s12549-021-00497-w可免费查阅 (英语). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Chen, Shao-kun; Deng, Tao; Pang, Li-bo; He, Wen; Chen, Shan-qin. A juvenile skull of Ancylotherium (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Chalicotheriidae) from the Pliocene of China. Geobios. 2012-11-01, 45 (6): 527–534. Bibcode:2012Geobi..45..527C. ISSN 0016-6995. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2012.06.002 (英语). 

外部連結

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爪腳獸
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