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草果

草果
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 单子叶植物 Monocots
演化支 鸭跖草类植物 Commelinids
目: 姜目 Zingiberales
科: 薑科 Zingiberaceae
属: 草果属 Lanxangia
种:
草果 L. tsao-ko
二名法
Lanxangia tsao-ko
Crevost & Lemarié
異名
  • Amomum hongtsaoko, C. F. Liang & D. Fang

草果學名Lanxangia tsao-ko;异名:Amomum tsao-ko),是薑科草果属的一种植物。

草果生长在热带、亚热带的荫蔽潮湿的林中地带,人工栽培以云南为主。其干燥的果实被用作中餐调味料中草药[2]

形态

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多年生常绿草本,可高达2.5-3米。全株有辛香味。具横走根茎,淡紫红色,肥大类似,起支撑作用;其两侧和顶端有粉红色须报。根茎上的叶芽生出直立茎,深绿色,基部带紫红色,圆柱形有节,一般有叶片12-16片。叶2列,具短柄或无柄。大型披针形叶片,全缘,两面光滑无毛。

穗状花序自根茎上生出,呈球形。每穗有红色花60-120朵,螺旋状排列。

椭圆形或纺锤形肉质蒴果,有短果柄。果实初为鲜红色,成熟时紫红色,不开裂,晒干或烘干后棕褐色。每个果实内有20-66粒种子。种子多角形,长0.4-0.7厘米,宽0.3-0.5厘米,种仁白色,平均千粒重120-140克,有浓郁的辛辣香气。

用途

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产自云南的草果干

中医使用晒干,炒至焦黄色的草果,进一步去壳者也称草果仁。认为其性味辛温。归脾胃经,有燥湿温中,除痰截的作用。临床上用来治疗胃脘胀痛,恶心呕吐、咳嗽疟疾等症状,以及解酒毒,去口臭

传统中餐烹饪中经常用草果的辛辣香气来遮盖肉类的腥味,特别是在炖煮牛羊肉中。草果也是一些配合的调味料成份之一,例如五香粉咖哩粉十三香

另外,草果的茎、叶和果也可提取芳香油,用做制药、香料等工业的原料。

相關條目

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Leong-Skornickova, J., Tran, H.D., Newman, M., Lamxay, V. & Bouamanivong, S. 2012. Amomum tsao-ko. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 27 October 2012.
  2. ^ 草果. 中國科學院《中國植物誌》編委會 科學出版社 中國科學院植物研究所(系統與進化植物學國家重點實驗室)數字植物項目組. [2018-10-05]. (原始内容存档于2018-10-05). 

外部連結

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草果
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