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花式塔.
花式塔也可称作异形塔,这一类塔的没有固定的规制,造型很不正常,有时是几种类型的塔的组合。从组合形式上,有的是将楼阁式塔与覆钵式塔相结合,或密檐式塔与覆钵式塔相结合,或经幢式塔与金刚宝座式塔相结合。造型的变化还反映在分层、雕刻、组合顺序上于其它类型的塔差异明显。
花式塔从北魏开始出现,这类塔数量不多,各个朝代或多或少都有建造,多建在塔林或大的塔群中。花式塔中,有一种花塔,是辽金元三个时代在北京地区创造的一种式样,也不是正常看到的式样。通常塔身的上半部分是莲花状,有的演化为层层的亭阁式佛龛,远看如花朵一般。花式塔通常结合了亭阁式塔的顶部装饰、密檐式塔的须弥座和楼阁式塔的塔身,这种塔的造型有很强的宗教色彩。目前现存的花塔仅有十几处,其中两处在北京。元代建造的小型石塔由大量的花式塔。这一时期社会复杂,国家缺少统一的标准,使塔建缺少规律,因此塔的造型各异。明清是的墓塔样式很多,几种形式的组合很常见。
花式塔的产生体现了建造者和设计者的标新立异,是一种形式上的创新和尝试。
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