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亭阁式塔

北京灵光寺塔院中的方亭式石塔

亭阁式塔楼阁式塔结构简单,更为平民化。形式上如同中国式的亭阁顶上加了个印度式的塔刹。塔身有四角形、六角形、八角形、圆形等,大多为单层。早期亭阁式塔为木质结构,后来被砖式所取代。最初亭阁式塔只是为了供奉佛像,后来逐渐发展成了埋葬僧人或普通人的墓塔。

有一种类似亭阁式的塔,塔基上置一球体作为塔身,其上置一塔檐,檐顶上设塔刹,即以方、圆、三角、半月、团形的石块予以叠制,形成的造型叫做五轮塔。五轮塔都是石材建造,造型虽然简单,却富于变化,依地点、时代的不同而具体造型不同。五轮塔在元明时发展成两类,一类为佛教显宗所用,自成体系,数量较多;一类为佛教密宗所用,没有单独形成体系,建造数量也较少。这类塔由于形式上的特点,多被用作墓塔。

现存最早的亭阁式塔为少林寺塔林唐代法玩禅师塔。亭阁式塔在宋代辽代金代最流行,元代以后就逐渐绝迹了。

亭阁式塔列表

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亭阁式塔
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