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芭蕉科

芭蕉科
化石时期:61–0 Ma
古新世 - 現代
香蕉 Musa × paradisiaca
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支 单子叶植物 Monocots
演化支 鸭跖草类植物 Commelinids
目: 姜目 Zingiberales
科: 芭蕉科 Musaceae
Juss., 1789[1]
模式属
芭蕉屬
Musa
L., 1753
  芭蕉科分布图

芭蕉科学名Musaceae)为单子叶植物姜目的一科。最常见的品种为芭蕉属的香蕉

形态

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綠色未熟香蕉

多年生高大草本,单生不分枝,结一次或多次果。

叶螺旋状排列,有厚的中肋和多数羽状平行脉;幼叶芽时呈卷筒状。

花常为单性,偶有两性,成1或2列簇生于着色的大苞片内。花序直立,下垂或半下垂。雄花着生于上部的苞片内,雌花着生于下部的苞片内。合生花被片位于外轮,先端具5(3+2)齿或3深裂成条形,中裂片两侧有一个小裂片或无小裂片。离生花被片位于内轮,长圆形至近圆形,全缘或具尾尖或具3尖头,两侧裂片近圆形而中裂片为狭长具长尖头。雄蕊5,完全,第6个雄蕊不存在或为较小的退化雄蕊,花丝丝状,花药线形,2室,花粉粒表面为规则的疣状(象腿蕉属)或细颗粒状(地涌金莲属、芭蕉属)。子房下位3室,每室有多数生于中轴胎座的胚珠。花柱丝状,柱头具小裂片或近头状。

浆果肉质,通常不开裂,3室。种子有厚硬的外种皮,光滑或具疣;胚直,有丰富的胚乳。染色体基数x=9、10、11,稀7、9。

分布

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有3属60余种,主要分布于亚洲及非洲热带地区,种数最多的在印度东南亚至泰国地区,其次是印度尼西亚。中国有3属12种,除1种(芭蕉)可北达秦岭淮河露地栽培外,其余各种均产于西南至东南及台湾的热带及亚热带地区。

分类

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1978年C.Y.Wu和H.W.Li将地湧金莲Musella lasiocarpa)升格为一独立的并得到国际植物界的认同。

参考文献

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  1. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2009, 161 (2): 105–121 [2013-06-26]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-05-25). 

延伸阅读

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[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:欽定古今圖書集成·博物彙編·草木典·蕉部》,出自陈梦雷古今圖書集成

參閲

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外部链接

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芭蕉科
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