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腎靜脈血栓

腎靜脈血栓意指在引流腎臟的腎靜脈中形成血塊,導致患側腎臟靜脈血流量下降,且血塊有可能會移行到身體他處。本症由德国病理学家Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen于1861年首次描述,最常發生於:凝血异常或脱水的新生婴儿,與患有肾病症候群的成年人。 [1]

肾病症候群会导致尿液蛋白质过度流失, 血液中白蛋白低下,胆固醇升高水腫 ,導致血液容易凝固,增加形成血块的危險。 其他較少見的原因包括高凝血状态,癌症,肾脏移植, Behcet症候群抗磷脂症候群,或背部或腹部的钝伤。 [2]

治疗主要在於防止肾脏进一步形成血塊與维持稳定的肾功能。 抗凝剂的使用是標準治療。 [1] 膜性肾小球肾炎是成年人肾病症候群的最常见原因,發生率高峰在40-60岁的人,男性的发病率是女性的两倍。 由于肾病症候群又是腎靜脈血栓的最常见的病因,因此腎靜脈血栓最高危險群在於40岁以上的人和男性。 [2]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Wessels, Hunter; McAninch, Jack W. (编). Handbook of Urological Emergencies: A Practical Guide. Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press. 2005: 171–180. ISBN 978-1-58829-256-8. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Laskowski, Igor. Renal Vein Thrombosis. [30 March 2014]. (原始内容存档于31 March 2014). 
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腎靜脈血栓
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