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周质空间

革兰氏阴性菌細胞壁
革蘭氏陽性菌和革蘭氏陰性菌週質量的差異

周质空间periplasmic space),又称为周质periplasm)或壁膜间隙,是革蘭氏陰性菌细胞膜外膜之间的间隔区域。

革兰氏阴性菌中,一般指其外膜与细胞膜之间的狭窄空间(宽约12-15nm),呈胶状。在周质空间中,存在着许多种周质蛋白,包括:

  1. 水解酶类,例如蛋白酶核酸酶等;
  2. 合成酶类,例如肽聚糖合成酶;
  3. 结合蛋白(具有运送营养物质的作用);
  4. 受体蛋白(与细胞的趋化性相关)。

周质蛋白可通过渗透休克法英语Osmotic shock或称“冷休克”的方法释放。此法是根据突然改变渗透压并使细胞发生物理性裂解的原理。其主要步骤是:将细菌放在用Tris缓冲液配制、含EDTA的20%蔗糖溶液中保温,使其发生质壁分离,接着快速地用4℃的0.005mol/L的MgCL2溶液稀释并降温,使细胞外膜突然破裂并释放周质蛋白。经离心即可从上清液中提取周质蛋白。

延伸閱讀

[编辑]
  • D. White, The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000, pp. 22.
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周质空间
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