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肌酸酐

肌酸酐
IUPAC名
2-Amino-1-methyl-5H-imidazol-4-one
系统名
2-Amino-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ol
别名 肌酐
识别
CAS号 60-27-5  checkY
143827-20-7((2H3)甲基)  checkY
19230-81-0(盐酸盐)  checkY
PubChem 26009888
16213404((13C)甲基)
12205443((2H3)甲基)
22996550(水合物)
87972(盐酸盐)
18362358(尿素配合物)
ChemSpider 21640982
SMILES
 
  • Cn1cc(nc1N)O
InChI
 
  • 1/C4H7N3O/c1-7-2-3(8)6-4(7)5/h2H2,1H3,(H2,5,6,8)
InChIKey DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYAV
Beilstein 112061
3DMet B00175
EINECS 200-466-7
ChEBI 201329
KEGG D03600
MeSH Creatinine
性质
化学式 C4H7N3O
摩尔质量 113.12 g·mol−1
外观 固体
密度 1.09 g cm-3
熔点 300 °C(573 K)
log P -0.9
pKa 12.309, 19.31
pKb -5.31, 1.688
等电点 11.19
危险性
安全术语 S:S24/25
NFPA 704
1
1
0
 
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

肌酸酐(英語:Creatinine)又称肌酐,是肌酸和磷酸肌酸代谢的终产物,它主要由肌肉中磷酸肌酸的非酶促反应生成。

对正常成人来说,每日产生肌酸酐的量是恒定的,而且肌酸酐的产生量与肌肉量成正比,因此一般男性的数值比女性高一点。经常锻炼肌肉者和非素食者的数值也较高[1]

肌酸酐的产生量一定,且僅有微量的肌酸酐會被肾小管再吸收。它的排泄量反映血液中的肌酸酐含量和肾小球的过滤速率,也就是肾脏的机能。当肾发生严重病变时,肌酸酐排泄受阻,血液中肌酸酐含量升高。血液中肌酸酐的测定,可以知道肾功能是否有嚴重障礙,肌酸酐的值越高,肾脏的障碍越大;但是血液肌酸酐只有在腎臟有嚴重障礙時才會大幅提高,不能作為早期腎臟病的指標。一般正常值为:男性 0.7~1.2 mg/dL(60~110 μmol/L),女性 0.5~1.0 mg/dL(45~90 μmol/L),五岁以下 0.3~0.5mg/dl, <1.6 mg/dL(<140 μmol/L)。

化學

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在化學方面,肌酸酐是一個自發形成的肌酸環狀衍生物。有幾個肌酸酐互变异构体存在;依其貢獻排序,如下所列:

  • 2-Amino-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ol (or 2-amino-1-methylimidazol-4-ol)
  • 2-Amino-1-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-one
  • 2-Imino-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-ol (or 2-imino-1-methyl-3H-imidazol-4-ol)
  • 2-Imino-1-methylimidazolidin-4-one
  • 2-Imino-1-methyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-ol (or 2-imino-1-methyl-5H-imidazol-4-ol)

肌酸酐在300°C左右開始分解。

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ Delanghe J; De Slypere JP; De Buyzere M; Robbrecht J; Wieme R; Vermeulen A. Normal reference values for creatine, creatinine, and carnitine are lower in vegetarians (PDF). Clin. Chem. Aug 1989, 35 (8): 1802–3 [2009-03-01]. PMID 2758659. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-06-07). As shown, measured serum and erythrocyte creatine content, and estimated muscle creatine content, are lower in vegetarians than in the reference population 

外部連結

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肌酸酐
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