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腎小體

腎小體
腎小球是紅色,鮑氏囊是綠色
腎臟皮質上分佈的血管
基本信息
位置腎單位
标识字符
拉丁文corpusculum renis
FMAFMA:15625
格雷氏p.1221
解剖學術語

腎小體(英語:renal corpuscle)位於腎臟,是腎元中首先進行過濾工作的單位,它包含了由動脈性微血管組成的腎小球,並被囊狀的鮑氏囊包圍起來。經超濾作用後,來自腎小球血球中的液體,形成腎小球濾液,由鮑氏囊收集起來,接著經由腎元的其他構造,形成尿液。腎小球的入球小動脈直徑大於出球小動脈,這樣的構造使腎小球的血壓(靜液壓)可達70毫米汞柱,是全身微血管壓力最大的地方。

進入腎小球的過濾物質都要先經過鮑氏囊和腎小球間的內皮囊膜(endothelial capsular membrane),內皮囊膜包含了腎小球微血管的內皮、基底膜、及鮑氏囊的臟層上皮(足細胞)。[1]正常狀況下,血液中的紅血球蛋白質無法通過內皮囊膜,但是在腎小球發炎時,紅血球和蛋白質可能會通過內皮囊膜,混合到尿液中。

腎小球也被稱作馬氏小體,是以義大利生物學家醫生馬爾皮基(Marcello Malpighi,1628年-1694年)的姓氏命名。

圖片

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註釋

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  1. ^ Renal corpuscle. [2017-07-30]. (原始内容存档于2009-04-22). 

外部連結

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腎小體
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