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罗斯贝波.
天气图上的对流层中上层呈波状形式的气压场或流场中,在北半球会有3~5个波,这种波即大气长波。由于其水平尺度与地球半径相当,也称行星波(planetary waves)。1939年,卡尔-古斯塔夫·罗斯贝首先从理论上研究了其性质,并做出卓越贡献,后世为了纪念他所建立的大气长波理论,而称大气长波为罗斯贝波。
罗斯贝波波速与风速相当,量级在10m/s,传播具有准水平、无辐散的特点,属于涡旋性慢波。大尺度天气过程与大气长波关系十分密切,所以罗斯贝波在大尺度气象研究中,占有十分重要的地位。
罗斯贝波的形成,与地转参数随纬度的变化有关,即β效应(Rossby parameter, or simply beta)所引起。
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