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红头潜鸭

红头潜鸭
雄鸟
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 鸟纲 Aves
目: 雁形目 Anseriformes
科: 鴨科 Anatidae
属: 潛鴨屬 Aythya
种:
红头潜鸭 A. ferina
二名法
Aythya ferina
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Range of A. ferina
  繁殖區
  留鳥
  非繁殖區
異名

Anas ferina Linnaeus, 1758

红头潜鸭(学名:Aythya ferina),又名红头鸭、矶凫、矶雁。

生态环境

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红头潜鸭是一种内陆性候鸟,很难在沿海滩涂见到,常栖息于芦苇丛生视野不开阔的湖泊,因为这样的水面通常隐蔽条件好,适合胆小的红头潜鸭。过了繁殖季节,红头潜鸭会聚集成群,并与潜鸭属的其他物种如凤头潜鸭混群,活动于开阔水面。

分布地域

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繁殖于西伯利亚南部、蒙古欧洲中部以及英伦三岛,在中国,他们繁殖于新疆天山山脉一带,越冬于日本印支半岛缅甸南亚次大陆伊朗阿富汗欧洲南部非洲北部等地区,在中国他们的越冬地在长江流域,向南一直分布到福建广东香港沿海及台湾

特征

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红头潜鸭属于体形较小的鸭子,与绿头鸭相比,体长尽是后者的2/3左右,雄性红头潜鸭的头颈部栗红色,上背、胸部和尾部为地道的黑色,而下背和两肩为污白色,并有幼细的黑色横纹,喙灰蓝色。雄性红头潜鸭从头到尾颜色由蓝到红到黑到白再到黑,变化鲜明,颇为抢眼。

雌性红头潜鸭是雄性的哑色版本,颜色分布与雄鸟近似,但以棕色调为主,不似雄鸟那般色彩鲜明。

食物

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红头潜鸭有很好的潜水技能,他们的食谱也从水草到小鱼小虾分布甚广,据研究红头潜鸭爱吃马来眼子菜,少食谷粒;动物性食物有软体动物等。

繁殖

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雌鸟

红头潜鸭筑巢于水边或沼泽地面洞穴中。每窝产卵6-12枚,卵呈灰黄色或淡黄色。

参考文献

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  1. ^ BirdLife International. Aythya ferina. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN). 2015, 2015: e.T22680358A82571892 [16 January 2016]. 

外部链接

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红头潜鸭
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