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在日本超級市場內售賣的竹筍

竹笋,古異名為籜龍[1],是指由竹子根茎上的芽苞发育成嫩茎秆的部分。還沒有完全從地底下長出來時,以及刚刚出土仍未木质化的部分可作為蔬菜食用;若继续生长即成为竹

春季笋生長破土成為竹子的速度非常快,因此竹笋實際可採集的時間很短,屬於較珍貴的食材。漢字「筍」由「竹」與「」組成,音從旬,而意從竹。竹筍受到陽光照射,會產生「紫杉氰醣苷」(氰甙,Taxiphyllin),吃起來易有苦味,當儲存一定時間後紫杉氰醣苷經水解酶作用後產生氰酸(HCN)、醛或酮類,應儘快煮沸殺青處理。

生竹笋与木薯相同,都含有醣苷,具有一定毒性且涩口,料理加工时需要彻底加热至熟。一般加工前清水煮一段时间为常。[2]

萌发季节

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  • 春季发笋:孟宗竹属、苦竹属等。
  • 夏季发笋:蓬莱竹属、麻竹属、巨草竹属、头穗竹属等。
  • 秋季发笋:寒竹属。

烹調

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黄山地区的笋干面

笋乾燒,以筍飯等的形式食用。烹調時候需要去掉澀味。笋亦可以炒食。中国江浙一带有将冬笋与冬腌菜一起炒食,这道中式菜肴称为炒二冬。笋也可加入汤。

笋也可以晒干或烘干做成笋干。笋干味道鲜美,可烧肉或加水煮汤。现在,也有将笋干再精细加工,做成小包装,成为即食休閒食品。

笋经过发酵性酸腌成为酸笋,是广西的特产,在螺蛳粉中使用。酸笋以其强烈的臭味闻名,源自于发酵过程中氨基酸被转化产生的硫化氢粪臭素[3]

參看

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參考文獻

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  1. ^ 存档副本. [2021-12-26]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-26). 
  2. ^ 食物安全之风险评估. 香港特別行政區政府食物安全中心. [2018-01-07]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-27). 
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2022-01-20]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-20). 
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