For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for
神经通路.
神经通路（英文：Neural pathway），是指一处神经元与另一处神经元之间的连接通路，由轴突、突触等组成，可传递神经系统的信号[1]。神经元之间可由单个轴突连接，也可由含多个轴突的神经径（中枢神经系统）或神经束（周围神经系统）连接[2]。较短的神经通路存在于脑灰质中，较长的通路包含髓磷脂（髓鞘）、构成白质。
锥体束中的下行神经通路（运动）自大脑皮层起连接至脑干或脊髓，而背柱-内侧丘系中的上行神经通路（感觉）将感官信息传递至大脑皮层[3][4]。
参考资料
|
|---|
| 感覺/
上行徑路 | | PCML | | 1°: |
- 帕西尼氏小体/触觉小体 → Posterior column (Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus) → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus
|
|---|
| | 2°: |
- → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers、Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → 丘脑 (VPL、VPM)
|
|---|
| | 3°: |
- → Posterior limb of internal capsule → 中央后回
|
|---|
|
|---|
| 前外側系統/
痛覺 | | 快速徑路/外側 |
- 1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior 脊髓丘腦束 → 脊髓丘腦束 → VPL of 丘脑) → 3° (中央后回) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex)
2° (Spinomesencephalic tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)
|
|---|
| | 慢速徑路/內側 | |
|---|
|
|---|
|
|---|
| 運動/
下行徑路 | | 錐體徑 |
- flexion: 初级运动皮层 → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → 皮質脊髓徑 (Lateral, Anterior) → 神经肌肉接点
|
|---|
| | Extrapyramidal | | flexion: | |
|---|
| | flexion: |
- Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract
|
|---|
| | extension: | |
|---|
| | extension: | |
|---|
|
- Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → 頸部肌肉
|
|
|---|
| | 基底核 | | direct: | |
|---|
| | indirect: | 1° ( 运动皮层 → 纹状体) → 2° ( GPe) → 3° ( Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° ( Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° ( Lenticular fasciculus/ Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of 丘脑) → 6° ( Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° ( 运动皮层) |
|---|
| | nigrostriatal pathway: | |
|---|
|
|---|
|
|---|
| | 小脑 | | Afferent |
- Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → 小脑深部核团 → Granule cell
- 下橄榄核 → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → 小脑深部核团
|
|---|
| | Efferent |
- Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → 丘脑 (VL) → 运动皮层
- Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → 丘脑 (VL) → 运动皮层
- Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nuclei
|
|---|
| Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar | | 無意識本體感覺 |
- lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → 小腦蚓部)
- 上肢 → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)
|
|---|
| | 反射弧 |
- lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → 蚓部)
- upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → 小脑)
|
|---|
|
|---|
|
|---|
|
{{bottomLinkPreText}}
{{bottomLinkText}}
This page is based on a Wikipedia article written by
contributors (read/edit).
Text is available under the
CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
{{current.index+1}} of {{items.length}}
Thanks for reporting this video!
This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:
An extension you use may be preventing Wikiwand articles from loading properly.
If you're using HTTPS Everywhere or you're unable to access any article on Wikiwand, please consider switching to HTTPS (https://www.wikiwand.com).
An extension you use may be preventing Wikiwand articles from loading properly.
If you are using an Ad-Blocker, it might have mistakenly blocked our content.
You will need to temporarily disable your Ad-blocker to view this page.
✕
This article was just edited, click to reload
Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}
Follow Us
Don't forget to rate us
Oh no, there's been an error
Please help us solve this error by emailing us at
support@wikiwand.com
Let us know what you've done that caused this error, what browser you're using, and whether you have any special extensions/add-ons installed.
Thank you!
