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棋盤陰影錯覺.
棋盤陰影錯覺是麻省理工學院教授Edward H. Adelson於1995年所發表。[1]
該圖像文件描繪了白與黑的正方形棋盤。其中標記為A的格子看似比標記為B的格子顏色較深,但是它們實際上是完全一樣色階的灰色。
這兩個棋格的顏色完全一樣可以由以下方式證明:
- 將該圖像直接以繪圖軟體開啟,用取色功能直接確認。
- 利用紙板將這兩個棋格以外的部分都遮蔽之後,你將會只看到這兩個棋格所呈現的顏色,而不會被旁邊圖形視覺干擾。
- 將該圖像實際印出,只剪下該兩個棋格直接做比較。
- 利用光度儀測量
針對這個圖像所造成的錯視,Adelson教授做如下解釋:
- 人類的視覺系統會對所看到物體在真實世界的顏色做出判斷。在這種情況下,要確定陰影之下棋盤棋格的顏色,只從眼睛所接受的實際光線是不夠的。人類視覺系統使用了幾個技巧來進行補償,以確定表面灰“漆”的顏色。
- 第一個技巧是局部區域的對比。不論是否在陰影之下,比周圍區域較亮的棋格可能一般來說比較亮,反之亦然。所以在該圖像中,陰影中較亮的B棋格被其他較暗的棋格所包圍,即使眼睛實際接收光線較暗,但視覺感覺是比較亮。反之,光亮處的A期格被較亮的棋格所包圍,因此使它看起來比較暗。
- 第二技巧是基於陰影所產生的顏色變化通常具有較模糊的變化,而物體表面的漆(像是棋格上的顏色)通常具有明顯的邊緣。視覺系統會頃向於忽視逐漸變化的顏色差異,從而能確保判斷表面顏色時不會被陰影所誤導。在該圖中,中間陰影區看上去像一個影子,這是因為它的邊緣模糊並且造成影子的圓柱體是看得到的。
- 判斷棋格“漆”的顏色是由4個鄰接的棋格所包圍,這種類型的結合通常是一種暗示信號,即棋格邊緣的顏色改變才是“漆”的顏色改變,而棋格內部的顏色改變是陰影或照明的影響。
- 如同許多所謂的視覺錯覺,這種效果確實表明了人類視覺系統的成功,而不是故障。在作為一個物理測光儀的表現,人類視覺系統的確表現的不太好,但這不是它的目的。視覺系統的重要任務是將接受的光線訊號轉換成有意義的組件,並由此判斷在圖像中的對象的性質。
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