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圓寂

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圓寂,又称完寂佛教用語,般涅槃涅槃的另一個漢語譯名。這個譯名由玄奘創造,採用諸德圓滿、諸惡寂滅之意。現今佛教出家僧侶捨壽離世,多稱為圓寂,因此它也被當成死亡的同義語。

詞語釋義

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涅槃是宗教用语,来自古印度。在婆羅門教等古印度宗教裏,一般指一种透過覺悟,从痛苦中解脱出来的状态。在印度教哲学裏,意指通过肉体的解脱而与高级生命的结合。涅槃在佛教中意義是指清涼寂靜,惱煩不現,眾苦永寂;具有不生不滅、不垢不淨、不增不減,遠離一異、生滅、常斷、俱不俱等等的中道體性意義,是佛教修行理想的最終目標。般涅槃則是進入涅槃的意思,多用來指稱得道高僧的死亡。

世俗的漢語中,「涅槃」一词常被等同于在肉体身心死亡的同时,其精神灵魂获得永生再生。(但已與原意不同。)

「圓寂」一词,在日常中文使用中,渐渐变得与佛教的「涅槃」概念有所不同,而更加偏向「死亡」一词。比如,人们常稱僧尼去世為圓寂,以恭维其已经达到「悟道解脫」的最終目標。

參見

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圓寂
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