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矽肺病

矽肺病
同义词Miner's phthisis, Grinder's asthma, Potter's rot[1] pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis[2][3]
罹患矽肺病的肺部切片
鑑別診斷滑石肺病、黑肺病
分类和外部资源
醫學專科胸腔醫學
ICD-11CA60.0
ICD-9-CM502
DiseasesDB12117
MedlinePlus000134
eMedicine302027
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

矽肺病[4]silicosis)又稱硅沉着病[5],簡稱矽肺硅肺[6],屬於一種塵肺病,是因长期吸入含大量游离矽塵(二氧化硅粉尘)導致的職業病,主要病理特征为肺上葉出現广泛结节性纤维化[7]

矽肺病有三种形式:慢性、急性和介于两者之间的加速性硅沉着病。临床表现形式与接触粉尘浓度、硅含量、接尘年限有显著关系,以慢性最常见。而急性矽肺病症狀為呼吸困难、咳嗽、發燒、發紺。它通常會被誤診為肺水腫肺炎结核病。利用工作場所的控制措施,矽肺病是一種幾乎可以被完全預防的職業病[8]

2013年為止,矽肺導致4萬3千人死亡,低於1990年的五萬人。[9]

英語 silicosis(來自拉丁語 silex,意思為燧石)最初是由米蘭公立醫院的屍體解剖示範者阿基爾·維斯康蒂(Achille Visconti)(1836-1911年)於1870年使用的[10]。早在古希臘和古羅馬時期,人們就認識到吸入粉塵會導致呼吸系統問題[11]。16世紀中葉,阿格里科拉就寫到了礦工因吸入粉塵導致的肺部問題。1713年,伯納迪諾·拉馬齊尼(Bernardino Ramazzini)注意到石材切割工人出現哮喘症狀,其肺部出現砂粒般的物質。1720年,煅燒燧石屑作為原材料被引進英國陶瓷工業。不到10年的時間,人們就注意到煅燒燧石屑對工人肺部的負面影響[12]

和手工工具相比,隨著工業化的發展,粉塵的產生量也在增加,手提鑽於1897年問世,喷砂於1904年問世,兩者都大大地增加了矽肺病的發病風險[13]。1938年美國勞工部在當時美国劳工部长弗朗西丝·珀金斯的領導下拍攝了一部名為「制止矽肺病(Stop Silicosis)」的影片,討論了這一項長達一年的全美矽肺病例增加的研究成果[14]

來源

  1. ^ Jane A. Plant; Nick Voulvoulis; K. Vala Ragnarsdottir. Pollutants, Human Health and the Environment: A Risk Based Approach. John Wiley & Sons. 2012-03-13: 273 [2012-08-24]. ISBN 978-0-470-74261-7. (原始内容存档于31 December 2013) (英语). 
  2. ^ Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis. Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. (原始内容存档于2020-03-22). 
  3. ^ Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 
  4. ^ 矽肺病. 樂詞網. 國家教育研究院.  (繁體中文)
  5. ^ 硅沉着病. 术语在线. 全国科学技术名词审定委员会.  (简体中文)
  6. ^ 硅肺. 术语在线. 全国科学技术名词审定委员会.  (简体中文)
  7. ^ Derived from Gr. πνεῦμα pneúm|a (lung) + buffer vowel -o- + κόνις kóni|s (dust) + Eng. scient. suff. -osis (like in asbest"osis" and silic"osis", see ref. 10).
  8. ^ Prevention of Silicosis Deaths. 2015-07-22 [2024-01-25]. (原始内容存档于2023-04-11) (英语). 
  9. ^ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.. Lancet. 17 December 2014, 385 (9963): 117–71. PMC 4340604可免费查阅. PMID 25530442. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. 
  10. ^ United States Bureau of Mines, "Bulletin: Volumes 476–478", U.S. G.P.O., (1995), p 63.
  11. ^ Rosen G: The History of Miners' Diseases: A Medical and Social Interpretation. New York, Schuman, 1943, pp.459–476.
  12. ^ 'The Successful Prevention Of Silicosis Among China Biscuit Workers In The North Staffordshire Potteries.' A. Meiklejohn. British Journal Of Industrial Medicine, October 1963; 20(4): 255–263
  13. ^ Diseases associated with exposure to silica and nonfibrous silicate minerals. Silicosis and Silicate Disease Committee. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. July 1988, 112 (7): 673–720. PMID 2838005. 
  14. ^ Stop Silicosis, [2022-04-21], (原始内容存档于2022-04-21) (英语) 

外部連結

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矽肺病
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