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非典型肺炎

Atypical pneumonia
类型肺炎
分类和外部资源
醫學專科胸腔醫學
ICD-9-CM486
DiseasesDB1132
MedlinePlus000079
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

非典型肺炎(英語:Atypical pneumonia),简称非典,英语也称游走肺炎(英語:Walking pneumonia)是一个总称,泛指所有由某种未知的病原体引起的傳染性肺炎[1][2][3]。這些病原體,有可能是冠状病毒肺炎支原体、肺炎衣原体或退伍軍人菌引起的肺炎症状,也可泛指不是由细菌所引起的肺炎症状。

歷史

非典型肺炎的名称最早在1938年提出,当时有7名患有肺炎的病人所表现的症状与一般细菌性肺炎并不相同,因此被称为原发性非典型肺炎[4]

中华人民共和国卫生部最初将SARS称为“非典型肺炎(不明原因)”,並且SARS是歷史上第一種被發現可以致人死亡的非典,使得“非典”成为嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症(SARS)的代名词,因此大陸媒體以及民眾常常以“非典”代指“SARS”,但兩者並不完全相同,因為SARS為非典型肺炎的一種。2019年末在中國湖北省武漢市開始,並爆發於2020年的2019冠狀病毒病也屬於一種非典型肺炎。

成因

肺炎支原體是这类肺炎最重要的致病原因,除此之外其他病原还包括了嗜肺军团菌鹦鹉热甲型流感并发肺炎等。

症狀

非典型肺炎患者的病症与流感病人相似,病症会发烧、肌肉疼痛等,但部有发炎迹象。与典型细菌性肺炎最大的不同在于患者不会有毒性病容,例如呼吸急促、鼻翼扇动等状况。非典型肺炎病人也不会有浓痰。

非典型肺炎病症的潜伏期大约在4-11天左右,病人表现为发热,同时伴头痛、关节酸痛、全身酸痛和乏力,还有明显的呼吸道症状,如干咳等:部分病人出现呼吸加速、气促等呼吸困难症状。多数病人体征不明显,部分病人肺部可闻少许干湿罗音。多数病人白细胞不升高,少数白细胞降低或/和血小板降低。该病症可能通过飞沫、分泌物和接触呼吸道而感染。

案例

2002年11月起從中国广东省佛山市開始爆發,後擴散至北京、香港乃至全球的流行病嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症(SARS)也正是由某种冠状病毒引起的,属于非典之一。该病在全球各地广泛扩散,有超过8,000人染病,近800人死亡[5]

2020年2月16日,艾爾頓·約翰因非典型肺炎而失聲,縮短在紐西蘭奧克蘭 Mt Smart 運動場的第一場演唱會。他所患的非典型肺炎,也是遊走性肺炎,[6]翌日,因為不是連晚演出,醫生讓他完成餘下兩場演唱會,[7]但第二場順延至2月19日。[8]

参见

参考資料

  1. ^ What's to know about atypical pneumonia?. Medical News Today. [2020-04-13]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-03). Atypical pneumonia is contagious, spreading through close contact with infected people. 
  2. ^ Walking Pneumonia (Atypical Pneumonia): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment. Healthline. [2020-04-13]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-15). Walking pneumonia is contagious when infected. 
  3. ^ Walking Pneumonia. MedicineNet. [2020-04-13]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-27). People who live and work in crowded places, such as schools, homeless shelters, and prisons have a higher risk of contracting the disease. That's because walking pneumonia is contagious. 
  4. ^ McCoy, Walter C. PRIMARY ATYPICAL PNEUM0NIA: A REPORT OF 420 CASES WITH ONE FATALITY DURING TWENTY-SEVEN MONTHS AT STATION HOSPITAL, CAMP RUCKER, ALABAMA. Southern Medical Journal. 1946-09, 39 (9): 696–706. ISSN 0038-4348. doi:10.1097/00007611-194609000-00005 (英语). 
  5. ^ Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), WHO
  6. ^ Elton John's apology to fans: 'I played and sang my heart out, until my voice could sing no more'. Stuff. [2020-02-16]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-03) (英语). 
  7. ^ Elton John shows in Auckland will go ahead as planned. Stuff. [2020-02-17]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-03) (英语). 
  8. ^ Sir Elton John's Mt Smart concert on Tuesday postponed. Newshub. [2020-02-17]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-03) (英语). 
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非典型肺炎
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