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石花肺鱼

維多利亞肺魚
化石时期:中新世末期-现代,7.246–0 Ma
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 肺魚四足綱 Dipnotetrapodomorpha
目: 角齿鱼目 Ceratodontiformes
科: 原鳍鱼科 Protopteridae
属: 原鳍鱼属 Protopterus
种:
維多利亞肺魚 P. aethiopicus
二名法
Protopterus aethiopicus
Heckel英语Johann Jakob Heckel, 1851
亞種
  • P. a. aethiopicus Heckel, 1851
  • P. a. congicus Poll英语Max Poll, 1961
  • P. a. mesmaekersi Poll, 1961
異名[1][2]
  • Lepidosiren arnaudii de Castelnau 1855

維多利亞肺魚學名Protopterus aethiopicus),又稱石花肺魚剛果肺魚大王肺魚[3]梅氏肺魚,為非洲肺魚屬的四種現生物種之一,廣泛分佈於東部中部非洲。本種的基因組有多達1330亿对碱基对[4],是已知脊椎動物最大的基因组,與无恒变形虫(6700億對鹼基對)與衣笠草1490億對基因組)同為基因組大小最大的生物之一。

本種魚在一些地區為食用魚,或用作傳統醫學的藥材,但在某些地區的居民不喜歡這種魚的味道,甚至以食用此魚為禁忌[5]

分布

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維多利亞肺魚的分布範圍包括安哥拉蒲隆地埃及衣索比亞剛果民主共和國剛果共和國肯亞盧安達南蘇丹蘇丹坦桑尼亞烏干達尚比亞等非洲國家,遍及尼羅河剛果河流域,艾伯特湖愛德華湖坦干依喀湖維多利亞湖納布加博湖圖爾卡納湖諾湖基奧加湖等湖泊。其中不同區域有不同的亞種分布:P. a. aethiopicus分布於尼羅河流域,P. a. congicus分布於剛果河中上游,P. a. mesmaekersi則分布於剛果河下游[6]

外形

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維多利亞肺魚

維多利亞肺魚身體光滑、體型細長,可達2公尺。背鰭及臀鰭二者具備,且成紐繩狀。鱗片為埋在厚厚表皮下的圓鱗骨鱗,皮狀吻部在捕食及呼吸時會向袋狀膨脹。前鼻孔在頭部下面,後鼻孔則在口蓋側邊的開孔,幼魚具有外鰓,隨著成長而消失。鰓孔至肛門正上方的縱列鱗片數55至70枚,體背側為茶色或蒼灰色,腹部淡灰色。

生態

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維多利亞肺魚為底棲魚類英语Demersal fish,成魚主要以軟體動物為食,但也會取食小型魚類與昆蟲,幼魚則主要以昆蟲為食。缺水時本種魚可進行夏蟄英语Aestivation。豐水期為繁殖季,雄魚會挖一小洞為巢,可能有數隻雌魚會產卵於其中,且雌魚產卵後即離去,由雄魚負責保護巢與卵。雄魚除了攻擊入侵者外,平時也會攪動巢周圍的水體使空氣流通[6]

參考

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  1. ^ Haaramo, Mikko. Ceratodiformes – recent lungfishes. Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. 2007 [3 July 2016]. (原始内容存档于2015-08-18). 
  2. ^ Froese, R.; Pauly, D. Protopteridae. FishBase version (02/2017). 2017 [18 May 2017]. (原始内容存档于2019-11-05). 
  3. ^ 有史以來最大的基因組. PanSci 泛科學. 2011-04-27 [2020-01-28]. (原始内容存档于2020-01-28) (中文(臺灣)). 
  4. ^ IJ Leitch. Genome sizes through the ages. Heredity (Nature Publishing Group). 13 June 2007, 99 (2): 121–122 [2015-01-20]. ISSN 0018-067X. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800981. (原始内容存档于2015-01-26). 
  5. ^ Sayer, C.A.; L. Máiz-Tomé; W.R.T. Darwall. Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin: Guidance for species conservation, site protection, climate resilience and sustainable livelihoods. Cambridge, UK and Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.RA.2.en. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Protopterus aethiopicus Heckel, 1851. FishBase. [2019-10-30]. (原始内容存档于2012-02-16). 
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石花肺鱼
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