白僵菌屬
白僵菌属
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| 被寄生的白僵菌杀死的蝉 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 真菌界 Fungi |
| 门： | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota |
| 纲： | 糞殼菌綱 Sordariomycetes |
| 目： | 肉座菌目 Hypocreales |
| 科： | 蟲草菌科 Cordycipitaceae |
| 属： | 白僵菌属 Beauveria Vuill. (1912) |
| 模式種 | |
| 巴氏蠶白僵菌 Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill.
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| 物種 | |
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白僵菌屬（學名：Beauveria）是子囊菌門蟲草菌科[1]下的一个屬，行無性生殖。白僵菌屬下属的種通常是昆蟲的病原菌，其有性態為蟲草屬的物種，其中最出名的是冬蟲夏草。
白僵菌屬於蟲生真菌，常在昆蟲体面形成微小、疏水、白色的分生孢子，由基部的產孢細胞以全芽生型（holoblastic）的方式產出，在產出第一個分生孢子後，產孢細胞要產出下一個孢子前會先延長，在頂端會留下先前產孢的突起痕跡，最終形成一個獨特、細長如拉鍊般曲折的軸狀構造。白僵菌的菌落在人工培養基上通常是白色或灰白色的。
麦轴梗霉和白僵菌在產孢細胞上都有如拉鍊般曲折的軸，但頂端不會留下產孢突起的痕跡，最不同的地方是其菌落顏色為黃褐色或是紫色。
白僵菌常能在昆蟲身體上或是昆蟲休憩的棲地發現，包括在土壤或是私人住宅。球孢白僵菌是白僵菌屬裡最廣為人知的，在於開發成生物性除蟲劑，能有效防治多種害蟲。
分類
[编辑]
有研究以RPB1，RPB2，TEF和核基因間區域Bloc的部分序列確立白僵菌屬物種的多樣性，並評估物種的分類地位。[2]
巴氏蠶白僵菌和布氏白僵菌均為複合種，過去缺乏模式標本，後來皆被重新描述並提出了模式。此外，還有六個新物種被描述，包括B. varroae和B. kipukae，它們形成巴氏蠶白僵菌的姊妹群，兩者間的外形並無差別。B. sungii是亞洲一種與未確定蟲草屬物種關聯的物種。
本属包括以下物种：[3]
- Beauveria acridophila (Sanjuan & Franco-Mol.) T.Sanjuan, B.Shrestha, Kepler & Spatafora
- 白色白僵菌 Beauveria alba
- Beauveria amorpha (Höhn.) Minnis, S.A.Rehner & Humber
- Beauveria araneola W.H. Chen, Y.F. Han, Z.Q. Liang & D.C. Jin，分布于中国贵州，种名指宿主为蜘蛛[4]
- Beauveria araneola Wan H.Chen, Y.F.Han, Z.Q.Liang & D.C.Jin
- Beauveria arenaria
- 亚洲白僵菌 Beauveria asiatica S.A.Rehner & Humber
- 澳洲白僵菌 Beauveria australis S.A.Rehner & Humber
- 球孢白僵菌 Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill., 1912，基异名：Botrytis bassiana Bals.-Criv.
- Beauveria baoshanensis Z.H.Chen & L.Xu
- Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill.
- Beauveria blattidicola Ming J.Chen, Aime, T.W.Henkel & Spatafora
- Beauveria brongniartii (Sacc.) Petch
- Beauveria brumptii Langeron
- Beauveria caledonica Bissett & Widden
- Beauveria chiromensis Sawada
- Beauveria coccorum
- Beauveria cretacea
- 柱孢白僵菌 Beauveria cylindrospora
- Beauveria delacroixii
- Beauveria densa
- Beauveria dependens
- Beauveria doryphorae
- Beauveria effusa
- Beauveria ehdenensis [5]
- Beauveria epigaea
- Beauveria felina
- Beauveria geodes
- Beauveria globulifera
- Beauveria heimii
- Beauveria hoplocheli
- Beauveria kipukae
- Beauveria laxa
- Beauveria malawiensis
- Beauveria medogensis
- Beauveria melolonthae
- Beauveria nubicola
- 稻米白僵菌 Beauveria oryzae
- Beauveria paradoxa
- Beauveria paranensis
- Beauveria parasitica
- Beauveria petelotii
- Beauveria pseudobassiana
- Beauveria rileyi
- Beauveria rubra
- Beauveria shiotae
- Beauveria sobolifera
- Beauveria spicata
- Beauveria stephanoderis
- Beauveria sulfurescens
- Beauveria sungii
- Beauveria tannourinensis [5]
- Beauveria tenella
- Beauveria tundrensis
- Beauveria velata
- Beauveria varroae
- Beauveria vermiconia
- Beauveria vexans
- Beauveria viannai
- Beauveria virella
B. simplex現名為Acrodontium simplex，而B. nivea現名則是Tolypocladium inflatum。
参考资料
[编辑]
- ^ Sung GH, Hywel-Jones NL, Sung JM, Luangsa-ard JJ, Shrestha B, Spatafora JW. Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi. Studies in Mycology. 2007, 57: 5–59. PMC 2104736
. PMID 18490993. doi:10.3114/sim.2007.57.01. 
- ^ Rehner, Stephen A.; Minnis, Andrew M.; Sung, Gi-Ho; Luangsaard, J. Jennifer; Devotto, Luis; Humber, Richard A. Phylogeny and systematics of the anamorphic, entomopathogenic genus Beauveria. Mycologia. 2011, 103: 1055–1073. doi:10.3852/10-302.
- ^ Beauveria Vuill., 1912. GBIF. [2022-07-25]. （原始内容存档于2022-10-04）.
- ^ Wan-Hao Chen, Yan-Feng Han, Zong-Qi Liang and Dao-Chao Jin. 2017. A New Araneogenous Fungus in the Genus Beauveria from Guizhou, China. Phytotaxa. 302(1); 57–64. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.302.1.5
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Al Khoury, C.; Nemer, G.; Humber, R.; El-Hachem, N.; Guillot, J.; Chehab, R.; Noujeim, E.; El Khoury, Y.; Skaff, W.; Estephan, N.; et al. Bioexploration and Phylogenetic Placement of Entomopathogenic Fungi of the Genus Beauveria in Soils of Lebanon Cedar Forests. J. Fungi 2021, 7, 924. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7110924
- Hoog, G. S. d. The genera Beauveria, Isaria, Tritirachium, and Acrodontium gen. nov. Studies in Mycology. 1972, 1: 1–41.
- Shimazu, M.; Mitsuhashi, W.; Hashimoto, H. Cordyceps brongniartii sp. nov., the teleomorph of Beauveria brongniartii. Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan. 1988, 29: 323–330.
- Brady, B. L. K. Beauveria bassiana. CMI Descript. Pathog. Fungi Bact. 1979, 602: 1–2.
- Li, Z.; Li, C.; Huang, B.; Fan, M. Discovery and demonstration of the teleomorph of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., an important entomogenous fungus. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2001, 46: 751–753. doi:10.1007/bf03187215.
- Rehner, S. A.; Buckley, E. A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1{alpha} sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs. Mycologia. 2005, 97: 84–98. PMID 16389960. doi:10.3852/mycologia.97.1.84.
- Robène-Soustrade, I.; Jouen, E.; Pastou, D.; Payet-Hoarau, M.; Goble, T.; Linderme, D.; Lefeuvre, P.; Calmès, C.; Reynaud, B.; Nibouche, S.; Costet, L. Description and phylogenetic placement of Beauveria hoplocheli sp. nov. used in the biological control of the sugarcane white grub, Hoplochelus marginalis, on Reunion Island.. Mycologia. 2015, 107 (6): 1221–1232. PMID 26297783. doi:10.3852/14-344.
- Imoulan, A.; Wu, H.J.; Lu, W.L.; Li, Y.; Li, B.B.; Yang, R.H.; Wang, W.J.; Wang, X.L.; Kirk, P.M.; Yao, Y.J. Beauveria medogensis sp. nov., a new fungus of the entomopathogenic genus from China.. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 2015, 139: 74–81. PMID 27449678. doi:10.1016/j.jip.2016.07.006.
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