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膨大弯颈霉.
膨大弯颈霉
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科学分类
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界:
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真菌界 Fungi
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门:
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子囊菌门 Ascomycota
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纲:
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糞殼菌綱 Sordariomycetes
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目:
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肉座菌目 Hypocreales
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科:
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线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae
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属:
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弯颈霉属 Tolypocladium
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种:
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膨大弯颈霉 T. inflatum
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二名法
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Tolypocladium inflatum
W. Gams
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異名[1]
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- 多孔木霉 Trichoderma polysporum
- 鉤狀木霉菌 Pachybasium niveum
- 雪白彎頸霉 Tolypocladium niveum
- 短柄鹿虫草 Elaphocordyceps subsessilis
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膨大彎頸霉(Tolypocladium inflatum)[2],是一種無性子囊菌,最初分離自挪威的土壤,在一定的條件下能產生免疫抑制劑环孢素。其性世代是寄生在金龜子身上,在金龜子死後形成子囊果,在無性世代是生長在土壤的白色真菌[3]。
由於顯微形態的相似性,最初研究人員認為其是會產生環孢素的木霉菌屬真菌,因此將它命名為多孔木霉(Trichoderma polysporum)。後來甘姆斯等人認為它是一個新屬,以它的外形取名為膨大彎頸霉(Tolypocladium inflatum)。1971年,奧利地真菌學家瓦爾特·加姆斯發現一種真菌並取名為鉤狀木霉菌(Pachybasium niveum)。1983年,約翰·比賽特在研究時發現鉤狀木霉菌(Pachybasium niveum)其實就是膨大彎頸霉。依據《國際植物命名法規》,較早出現的命名有優先權,因此將這兩個名字合併改為雪白彎頸霉(Tolypocladium niveum)。然而這種真菌在醫藥工業有很大的經濟價值,醫藥公司早就大量使用膨大彎頸霉生產的環孢素A,膨大彎頸霉的稱呼早就被廣泛使用,成為最常用的名字[1]。
1996年,凱蒂·霍琪和她的同事確認膨大彎頸霉其實是有性世代的,性世代形態與無性世代不同,性世代形態取名為短柄鹿虫草(Elaphocordyceps subsessilis)[1]。由於2011年《國際植物命名法規》新增了「一種真菌,一個名字」的規定,不同形態不能使用不同名字,故此短柄鹿虫草之後也成為膨大彎頸霉的別名。
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 顾晓哲. 真菌改变人类文明史. 廣東: 广东科技出版社. 2020-11-30: 23–24. ISBN 978-7535975812 (中文(简体)).
- ^ 杨晓青. 膨大弯颈霉基因组进化及交配型基因的初步研究. 中國知網. 2018 [2021-06-14]. (原始内容存档于2021-06-14).
- ^ Dhillion, Shivcharn S.; Svarstad, Hanne; Amundsen, Cathrine; Bugge, Hans Chr. Bioprospecting: Effects on Environment and Development. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. 2002-09, 31 (6): 491–493. doi:10.1579/0044-7447-31.6.491.
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