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甘油磷脂

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甘油
甘油磷脂(Phosphoglyceride)

甘油磷脂(Phosphoglyceride或Glycerophospholipid)是由甘油构成的磷脂,其分子结构中甘油的1号和2号位羟基均被脂酰基取代,3号位羟基则为含磷基团所取代。是一种两性分子。它们是生物膜的主要组成成分。

结构

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术语甘油磷脂表示甘油磷酸的任何衍生物,其包含至少一个与甘油官能团部分(moiety)连接的O-酰基或O-烷基或O-烷基-1'-烯基残基[1]

这里的醇是甘油,其中两个脂肪酸和一个磷酸作为酯连接。连接到甘油分子上的两条脂肪酸链是非极性的,因此是疏水性的,而极性头部主要由磷酸酯基团连接到甘油分子的第三个碳是亲水的[2]。这种双重特征导致甘油磷脂的两亲性质。它们通常组织成双层膜,极性亲水头向外粘附于水环境,而非极性疏水尾巴向内指向[3]

甘油磷脂的例子

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常见的甘油磷脂有:磷脂酰胆碱磷脂酰肌醇磷脂酰丝氨酸磷脂酰乙醇胺和双磷脂酰甘油等。

参阅

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参考资料

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  1. ^ IUPAC Gold Book. http://goldbook.iupac.org/G02648.html页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ Montealegre, Cristina; Verardo, Vito; Luisa Marina, María; Caboni, Maria Fiorenza. Analysis of glycerophospho- and sphingolipids by CE. ELECTROPHORESIS. March 2014, 35 (6): 779–792. doi:10.1002/elps.201300534. 
  3. ^ Ecker, Josef; Liebisch, Gerhard. Application of stable isotopes to investigate the metabolism of fatty acids, glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid species. Progress in Lipid Research. April 2014, 54: 14–31. doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2014.01.002. 

外部链接

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甘油磷脂
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