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王蓮

王蓮屬
雙溪公園的王蓮
科学分类 编辑
界: 植物界 Plantae
演化支 维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支 被子植物 Angiosperms
目: 睡莲目 Nymphaeales
科: 睡莲科 Nymphaeaceae
亚科: 睡莲亚科 Nymphaeoideae
属: 王蓮屬 Victoria
Lindl., Monog. 3. (1837).

见正文

王莲,俗稱大王莲,是睡蓮科王蓮屬學名Victoria)植物的通稱,學名取自英國維多利亞女王

此屬只有两個物種,但於2022年在裘園蓮花館確認第三種[1]。它們擁有巨型奇特似盤的葉片,浮於水面,十分壯觀,並以它嬌容多變的花色和濃厚的香味聞名於世。叶片直径可以达到2.9米。[2]

形態

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王莲是多年生水生草本植物。根茎直立塊狀,具粗壯發達的側根,質地軟而脆。叶子浮于水面,大而圓,直徑100~300厘米;叶子边缘向上折转、直立,高7~10釐米;上面綠色無刺,下面深红色,有突起的網狀葉脈,脈上具2~3釐米長的銳刺;葉柄長而粗且密佈粗刺;一株大王蓮所有葉片伸展開的覆蓋面約達6~10平方米。王蓮的葉盤可承受3個兒童(50~70 kg),甚為奇觀。

夏季开花,单生,浮于水面,初为白色,次日变为深红而枯萎。

分布

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王蓮原產於南美熱帶地區,主要產於巴西玻利維亞等國。須要高溫、高濕、陽光充足的環境下生長發育。生長適宜的溫度為攝氏25~35度,低於20度時,植株會停止生長。

1825年法國植物學家埃梅·邦普蘭首次對王蓮進行了描述,但未引起重視。在1837年,亞馬遜王蓮英屬圭亞那罗伯特·赫尔曼·尚伯克傳入英國,由约翰·林德利進行描述,以「維多利亞女王」之拉丁文定名Victoria regia[3][4]。並在那裏被當成觀賞植物安家落戶,成為園藝愛好者爭相收藏的對象。當王蓮的子孫首次在英國倫敦開花的時候,吸引了成千上萬的觀眾前往觀賞。到今天,許多現代化的機場大廳、宮殿、廠房,都有應用王蓮這一超承重力的原理。

下属物种

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本属包括以下物种:[5]

参考文献

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  1. ^ Smith, Lucy T; Magdalena, Carlos; Przelomska, Natalia A. S.; Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A.; Antonelli, Alexandre K.; Melgar-Gómez, Darío G.; Beck, Stephan; Negrão, Raquel; Mian, Sahr; Leitch, Ilia J.; Dodsworth, Steven; Maurin, Olivier; Ribero-Guardia, Gaston; Salazar, César D.; Gutierrez-Sibauty, Gloria. Revised Species Delimitation in the Giant Water Lily Genus Victoria (Nymphaeaceae) Confirms a New Species and Has Implications for Its Conservation. Frontiers in Plant Science. 4 July 2022 [4 July 2022]. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.883151. (原始内容存档于2022-07-04). 
  2. ^ 西安植物园王莲有望再创纪录. 新浪看点. [2021-08-19]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-19). 
  3. ^ Nymphaeaceae Victoria Lindl.. Plant Name Details. International Plant Name Index. 2005 [2009-04-04]. (原始内容存档于2009-08-13). 
  4. ^ Knotts, Kit. Victoria's History. Victoria Adventure. Knotts. [2012-11-14]. (原始内容存档于2009-04-14). 
  5. ^ Victoria Lindl.. GBIF. [2023-06-05]. (原始内容存档于2023-06-05). 
  6. ^ Lucy T. Smith, Carlos Magdalena, Natalia A. S. Przelomska, Oscar A. Pérez-Escobar, Darío G. Melgar-Gómez, Stephan Beck, Raquel Negrão, Sahr Mian, Ilia J. Leitch, Steven Dodsworth, Olivier Maurin, Gaston Ribero-Guardia, César D. Salazar, Gloria Gutierrez-Sibauty, Alexandre Antonelli and Alexandre K. Monro. 2022. Revised Species Delimitation in the Giant Water Lily Genus Victoria (Nymphaeaceae) Confirms A New Species and Has Implications for Its Conservation. Frontiers in Plant Science. 13:883151. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.883151

外部連接

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王蓮
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