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玉华宫遗址

玉华宫遗址
全国重点文物保护单位
中华人民共和国国务院公布
地址 中国陕西省铜川市
分类古遗址
时代
编号5-119
认定时间2001年

玉华宫位于今中国陕西省铜川市,是唐朝初期兴建的“离宫”之一。始建于唐高祖武德七年(624年)五月,原名“仁智宫”。建筑范围仅限于当时的凤凰谷。唐太宗时在原仁智宫的基础上继续扩建。于贞观二十一年(647年)完成。其规模宏伟。据《册府元龟》记载:“太宗建玉华宫既成,正门谓之南凤门,殿覆瓦,外皆葺之以茅,帝之意在清凉,务从俭约。”同时,还在珊瑚谷建有“别殿”,其北兰芝谷建肃成殿,后改为寺。除此以外,唐太宗还令王孝积于显道门内建紫微殿十三间。”

玉华宫建成后,唐太宗于贞观二十二年(648年)二月前往巡游,并作玉华宫铭,还令皇太子李治奉和。同年五月,令方士那罗迩娑婆在此造“延年”之药。六至八月,唐太宗曾在玉华殿召见玄奘,询问译经情况,又令上官仪宣读“大唐三藏圣教序”,借以宣扬佛教。

唐高宗永徽二年(651年)改宫为寺,称“玉华寺”。显庆四年(659年)十月,玄奘由长安慈恩寺移居玉华寺翻译佛经。玄奘对玉华寺环境十分赞赏,曾对僧众说:“向在京师,诸缘牵乱,岂有了时,今得终讫。”

其后玉华宫逐渐衰微,到唐玄宗天宝年间(742年-755年)这里已成为废墟。杜甫诗句“溪回松风长,苍鼠窜古瓦,不知何王殿,遗构绝壁下。阴房鬼火青,坏道哀湍泻,万籁真笙芋,秋色正潇洒。美人为黄土,况乃粉黛假,当时侍金吾,故物独石马。忧来藉草坐,浩歌泪盈把,冉冉征途间,谁是年长者”,反映了宫殿废弃后的荒凉景象。

考古

20世纪70年代,经过调查,初步确认了玉华宫位于陕西省铜川市玉华村及周围田野和山谷间,东西长约4000米,南北宽约200-300米。分为中、东、西、北四区。从而为进一步研究提供了线索。[1]

注释

  1. ^ 考古. 陕西铜川唐玉华宫遗址调查. [1978年06期].  [永久失效連結]
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玉华宫遗址
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