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灞桥遗址

灞桥遗址
全国重点文物保护单位
中华人民共和国国务院公布
地址 中国陕西省西安市
分类古遗址
时代-
编号4-49
认定时间1996年

灞桥位于中国陕西省西安市东10公里的灞河上,是古代关中通向东方的重要交通设施。由于长安至关东三条要道在灞河至长安城之间并为一路,中间以灞桥连通,故地位十分重要。程大昌有言:“此地最为长安冲要,凡自西东两方面入崤、潼关者,路必由之。”[1]因此历代政府都十分重视灞桥的维护,唐代还特置了勋官散官各一人专门管理。

历史

灞桥建于何时,于史无载。灞桥初为木质结构,王莽时期,因木桥被火烧殆尽而用石材改建。并一直使用到魏晋南北朝时期。

隋唐时期,因都城南移,灞桥于隋开皇三年(583年)被南移重建。重建后的灞桥至北宋时仍在使用。

隋唐灞桥在南宋时废弃,元朝时,灞桥再次得到重建。明清时期,灞桥又得到多次增修和改建。

文化

据传长安人士远送东行者至此,要折下柳枝,表达惜别之情,《开元天宝遗事》将灞桥也称作“销魂桥”。[2]

戴叔伦的《送友人东归》、韩琮的《杨柳枝词》与杨巨源的《赋得灞岸柳留辞郑员外》均为描写灞桥送别的唐诗。

注释

  1. ^ [南宋]程大昌,《雍录·灞水杂录》,黄永年校,中华书局2005年版。
  2. ^ 足立喜六. 长安史迹研究. 西安: 三秦出版社. 2003年1月: 11. ISBN 9787806286715 (中文(简体)). 
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灞桥遗址
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