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火与冰 (诗歌)

Fire and Ice

Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say in ice.
From what I've tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire.
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.

火与冰

有人说世界将毁灭于火,
有人说毁灭于冰。
根据我对于欲望的体验,
我同意毁灭于火的观点。
但如果它必须毁灭两次。
则我想我对于恨有足够的认识
可以说在破坏一方面,冰
也同样伟大,
且能够胜任。

火与冰》(英語:Fire and Ice)是罗伯特·弗罗斯特最受欢迎的诗歌之一。它于1920年12月在《哈泼斯杂志》上发表[1]并于1923年在他获得普利策奖的新书《新罕布什尔》(New Hampshire)出版。它讨论了世界末日,将欲望的情感与火元素的力量相比,并将冰与仇恨相比。这是弗罗斯特最著名和最广为诵读的诗歌之一。[2]

灵感

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根据弗罗斯特的一位传记作者,《火与冰》的灵感来自但丁的《神曲》《地狱》篇章32,其中最坏的罪犯、背叛者被淹没,而在火热的地狱,他们的脖子以下都在冰中:“一个被冰封住的湖,/它看起来不像水,但像玻璃一样......我清楚地看到,我看到罪人被保存在冰里。”[3]

1960年,著名天文学家哈罗·沙普利在一次演讲中声称他启发了《火与冰》。沙普利描述了在诗出版前一年他与罗伯特·弗罗斯特的一次对话。弗罗斯特问他世界将如何结束,沙普利回应说,要么太阳爆炸并焚烧地球,要么地球以某种方式摆脱这种命运,最终在深空中慢慢冻结。沙普利将其作为科学影响艺术创作或阐明其含义的例子。[4]

风格和结构

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它写在一个单个的9行诗节中,后两行大大缩小。这首诗的行距是一个不规则的抑扬格的四聚体和二聚体的混合体,而韵律体系(ABA,ABC,BCB)暗示这脱离了三行体(terza rima)的严格模式。  

评论

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因其紧凑而令人惊叹,《火与冰》标志着弗罗斯特“一种新的风格、语调、方式和形式”。它轻松的语气掩盖了它给读者带来的严肃问题。

地狱的九环

但丁的《地狱》的压缩

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1999年,约翰·塞里奥声称这首诗是对但丁《地狱》的压缩。他在这首诗的九行与地狱的九环之间画了一条平行线,并且注意到,就像地狱之环的向下漏斗一样,这首诗在最后两行显著变窄。此外,他评论的ABA-ABC-BCB韵律方案与但丁为地狱发明的那个类似。[5]

在流行文化中

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幻想作家乔治·R·R·马丁说,他的《冰与火之歌》系列的标题受到这首诗的启发。[6]

这首诗是斯蒂芬妮·梅尔的《暮光之城:月食》的题词。在《暮光之城3:月食》电影的开头,它也被饰演克里斯汀·斯图尔特的角色贝拉·斯旺朗诵过。  

奎恩男爵在AMC的“进入荒芜之地”一集中背诵了这首诗。

在游戏《奇异人生:暴风前夕》,这首诗被引用,并被全篇叙述。在第一章“觉醒”的“磨坊”章中,歌露儿·普莱斯(Chloe Price)如果看篝火,会背诵“有人说世界将毁灭于火”。在第二章“勇敢新世界”的“垃圾场”章中,瑞秋·安布尔(Rachel Amber)将回应歌露儿所做出的特定对话选择,“根据我对于欲望的体验,我同意毁灭于火的观点”。在第三章“地狱已空”中,歌露儿在给马克斯的信中提到了这首诗。  

参考文献

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  1. ^ Robert Frost, "Fire and Ice"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), in the selection "A Group of Poems" by Robert Frost, Harper's Magazine , December 1920, p. 67.
  2. ^ Fagan, Deirdre J. Critical companion to Robert Frost: a literary reference to his life and work. Infobase. 2007: 115–16 [2018-05-06]. ISBN 978-0-8160-6182-2. (原始内容存档于2018-08-04). 
  3. ^ Myers, Jeffrey. Robert Frost: A Biography. Replica Books. 2001. ISBN 978-0-7351-0140-1.  Quoted in "On 'Fire and Ice'"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  4. ^ Hansen, Tom. Frost's 'Fire and Ice'. The Explicator. 2000, 59 (1): 27–30 [9 March 2011].  Partly quoted in "On 'Fire and Ice'"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  5. ^ Serio, John N. Frost's 'Fire and Ice' and Dante's 'Inferno'. The Explicator. 1999, 57 (4): 27–30.  Partly quoted in "On 'Fire and Ice'"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
  6. ^ ‘Game of Thrones’ Author George R.R. Martin Reveals ‘Winds of Winter’ Details and More. Young Adult Book Reviewer. [2013-12-24]. (原始内容存档于2013-12-18). 

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火与冰 (诗歌)
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