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法洛四联症

Tetralogy of Fallot
正常心臟(左)與法洛四联症患者的心臟
类型先天性心臟病發紺性心臟病[*]rare genetic developmental defect during embryogenesis[*]遺傳性疾病genetic cardiac disease[*]trilogy of Fallot[*]疾病
分类和外部资源
醫學專科心脏外科、​小兒科
ICD-11LA88.2
ICD-10Q21.3
ICD-9-CM745.2
OMIM187500
DiseasesDB4660
MedlinePlus001567
eMedicineemerg/575
MeSHD013771
Orphanet3303
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法洛四联症(英語:tetralogy of Fallot,縮寫:TOF[1])是由四种心脏大血管畸形构成的组合性先天性心脏病。这四种畸形是:肺动脉流出道狭窄、室间隔膜部缺损、主动脉右移与骑跨、右心室肥大;为最常见的紫绀型先天性心脏病[2]

法洛四联症出生時的症狀從無症狀到嚴重不等[3],之後多半會有發紺(皮膚發藍)的症狀(青紫婴儿[4]。當有此症的嬰兒哭泣或排便時,他們可能會有急性缺氧發作:皮膚會轉為藍色,有呼吸困難、跛行、偶爾失去意識英语unconsciousness[4]。其他症狀可能包含心雜音杵狀指吸食母乳時容易疲勞[4]

病因及診斷

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法洛四联症的病因目前還不清楚[5]。 風險因素包括懷孕時使用酒精,或是孕婦患有糖尿病、年齡超過40歲或懷孕期間患上德國麻疹[5][6],它也可能與唐氏症候群有關[5]。一般會有四種缺陷[2]

治療及預後

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法洛氏四重症通常於一歲時進行開心手術[7],手術的時間取決於嬰兒的症狀與體型[7],過程涵蓋增加肺動脈瓣英语pulmonary valve肺動脈的大小並修復心室中膈缺損[7]。若是嬰兒年紀太小,可先進行暫時性的手術並安排於較大時進行二次手術[7]。大多數有此症的患者皆能存活至成年[2]。目前法洛氏四重症的治療效果良好,30年生存率為68.5%至90.5%之間[1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。長期的問題可能包含心律不整以及肺動脈瓣閉鎖不全英语pulmonary regurgitation[8]

流行病學及歷史

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每兩千名新生兒中就有一例出現法洛氏四重症[2],男嬰女嬰罹患機率相等[2]為最常見的複雜性先天性心臟病,約佔複雜性先天性心臟病的10%[9][10],1671年時,尼古拉斯·斯坦諾第一次提到了法洛氏四重症[11][12]。1888年時由法國醫生艾蒂安-路易·亞瑟·法洛英语Étienne-Louis Arthur Fallot做更進一步的描述,並因此得名[11][13]。於1954年,進行第一次的修復手術[8]

参见

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Q. Ashton Acton. Tetralogy of Fallot: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional. ScholarlyEditions. 2013. ISBN 9781481656146. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 What Is Tetralogy of Fallot?. NHLBI. 1 July 2011 [2 October 2016]. (原始内容存档于4 October 2016). 
  3. ^ Hay, William W.; Levin, Myron J.; Deterding, Robin R.; Abzug, Mark J. Current diagnosis & treatment : pediatrics Twenty-third. New York, NY. 2016-05-02. ISBN 9780071848541. OCLC 951067614. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot?. NHLBI. 1 July 2011 [2 October 2016]. (原始内容存档于5 October 2016). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 What Causes Tetralogy of Fallot?. NHLBI. 1 July 2011 [2 October 2016]. (原始内容存档于5 October 2016). 
  6. ^ Pregnancy and congenital heart disease. Roos-Hesselink, Jolien W., Johnson, Mark R. Cham: Springer. 2017: 62. ISBN 9783319389134. OCLC 969644876. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 How Is Tetralogy of Fallot Treated?. NHLBI. July 1, 2011 [2 October 2016]. (原始内容存档于5 October 2016). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Warnes, Carole A. The Adult With Congenital Heart Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. July 2005, 46 (1): 1–8. PMID 15992627. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.083. 
  9. ^ Yuh, David D. Johns Hopkins textbook of cardiothoracic surgery 2nd. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies. 2014. ISBN 9780071663502. OCLC 828334087. 
  10. ^ Types of Congenital Heart Defects. NHLBI. 1 July 2011 [2 October 2016]. (原始内容存档于5 October 2016). 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 Fallot's tetralogy. Whonamedit?. [2 October 2016]. (原始内容存档于3 October 2016). 
  12. ^ Van Praagh, R. The first Stella van Praagh memorial lecture: the history and anatomy of tetralogy of Fallot.. Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Annual. 2009, 12: 19–38. PMID 19349011. doi:10.1053/j.pcsu.2009.01.004. 
  13. ^ Fallot, Arthur. Contribution à l'anatomie pathologique de la maladie bleue (cyanose cardiaque), par le Dr. A. Fallot, .... Marseille: Impr. de Barlatier-Feissat. 1888: 77–93. OCLC 457786038 (法语). 

van der Ven, J. P. G., van den Bosch, E., Bogers, A. J. C. C., & Helbing, W. A. (2019). Current outcomes and treatment of tetralogy of Fallot. F1000Research, 8, F1000 Faculty Rev-1530. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17174.1

参考书目

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  • 《医学卫生普及全书》上海科技出版社,上海第一医学院编,统一书号:141191543

外部連結

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法洛四联症
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