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河 (商朝先公)

”字习见于殷墟甲骨卜辞,在一期甲骨文中写作“”、二期写作“”、三期写作“”。一种观点认为是先商时期的一位商族先公的名称。一种观点认为是殷人用以代表黄河的专用名称,并沿用作黄河的河神,受到殷人重厚的祭祀。但“高祖河”亦见于卜辞,在一些卜文中与王亥上甲微大乙汤四位商族先祖先公并同燎祭。高祖河拥有固定的祭祀日,“河日”。高祖河的配偶河母也有受祭。杨升南、江林昌等学者认为这些证据可以说明“河”是先商时期的商族先公之一。杨升南认为“河”即是任夏后氏水官的先公,。《国语·鲁语》、《竹书纪年》等记载“冥勤其官而水死”,因为冥治于黄河,死于黄河,所以被祭祀为“高祖河”。江林昌根据《屯南》1116、《合集》1182、《天理》454,记载的河、王亥、上甲的祭祀顺序,推断“河”可能是王亥之父,冥,或更早的一位先公,但该观点仍需更多的材料证明。

参阅

  • —岳神、山神
  • —土神、社神,可能指相土

参考文献

  • 《〈殷本纪〉订补与商史人物徵》,韩江苏、江林昌
  • 《中华远古史》,王玉哲
  • 《甲骨文字典》,徐中舒
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河 (商朝先公)
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