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汽化热

汽化热(沸腾焓)是物质的物理性质,比潛熱的一種,一般用表示。其定义为:在标准大气压(101.325 kPa)下,使一莫耳物质在其沸点蒸发所需要的热量。常用单位为千焦/莫耳(或称千焦耳/莫耳),千焦/千克亦有使用。

其他仍在使用的单位包括 Btu/lb(英制单位,Btu为British Thermal Unit,lb为)。

因为汽化是液化(凝结)的相反过程,同一物质的凝结点和沸点相同,故凝结热液化热的名称也同时被使用,定义为:在标准大气压下,使一摩尔物质在其凝结点凝结所放出的热量。

的汽化热为40.8千焦/摩尔,相当于2266千焦/千克。標準狀態下,使水在其沸点由液態蒸發為氣態所需的能量,為水自0℃加熱至100℃所需能量的5倍。∆H=m×(cal/g)

各种元素的汽化热值

元素 符号 汽化热值 元素 符号 汽化热值 元素 符号 汽化热值
Ac n/a He 0.0845 Ra 37
Ag 250.58 Hf 575 Rb 72.216
Al 293.4 Hg 59.229 Re 715
Ar 6.447 I 20.752 Rh 493
As 34.76 In 231.5 Rn 16.4
At 114 Ir 604 Ru 595
B 489.7 K 79.87 S 1.7175
Ba 142 Kr 9.029 Sb 77.14
Be 292.4 La 414 Sc 314.2
Bi 104.8 Li 145.92 Se 26.3
Br 15.438 Mg 127.4 Si 384.22
C 355.8 Mn 226 Sn 295.8
Ca 153.6 Mo 598 Sr 144
Cd 100 N 2.7928 Ta 743
Ce 414 Na 96.96 Tc 660
Cl 10.2 Nb 696.6 Te 52.55
Co 376.5 Ne 1.7326 Th 514.4
Cr 344.3 Ni 370.4 Ti 421
Cs 67.74 Np n/a Tl 164.1
Cu 300.3 O 3.4099 V 452
F 3.2698 Os 627.6 W 824
Fe 349.6 P 12.129 Xe 12.636
Ga 258.7 Pb 177.7 Y 363
Ge 330.9 Pd 357 Zn 115.3
Au 334.4 Po 60.1 Zr 58.2
H 0.44936 Pt 510

参見

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汽化热
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