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流体静力学

流体静力学(Hydrostatics)是连续介质力学的分支学科流体力学的子学科。

基本概念

流体静力学研究流体(诸如气体和液体)静止时的现象以及相关力学行为的科学。这样的现象和行为可以用数学表达式来表述,称为流体静力学基本方程式。

研究对象

静止的气体液体,也包括介于固体和液体之间的物质,如液晶

液体静力学基本方程

为了导出液体静力学基本方程我们考察以下对象:在重力场中,一个立方体形状的流体微元受重力加速度g的作用。

密度,上表面压强为 。下表面压强为(方向相反) .

 [p(y) + dp]*dV=p(y) *dV+ρ*g*dh* dV
 so : dp=ρ*g*dh

创始人

希腊的著名物理学家阿基米德。其著作《论浮体》(On Floating Bodies)是历史上研究流体静力学的第一部作品。

应用

流体静力学的在实际当中的应用十分广泛。工程、水利、水运等方面的作用尤其明显。 主要如下四个方面:1)多数测量压力的仪表都是利用静止流体传递压力,以流体静力学原理为依据----压力传感;2)液位显示和测量;3)防止气体从设备中外溢的液封装置;4)互不相溶的液体混合物的连续分离。

参考书籍

  • 阿基米德:《论浮体》
  • 帕斯卡:《论液体平衡和空气的重量》
  • 江可宗:《应用力学——静力学》

延伸閱讀

  • Batchelor, George K. (1967), An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-66396-2
  • Falkovich, Gregory (2011), Fluid Mechanics (A short course for physicists), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-00575-4
  • Kundu, Pijush K.; Cohen, Ira M. (2008), Fluid Mechanics (4th revised ed.), Academic Press, ISBN 978-0-12-373735-9
  • Currie, I. G. (1974), Fundamental Mechanics of Fluids, McGraw-Hill, Inc., ISBN 0-07-015000-1
  • Massey, B.; Ward-Smith, J. (2005), Mechanics of Fluids (8th ed.), Taylor & Francis, ISBN 978-0-415-36206-1
  • White, Frank M. (2003), Fluid Mechanics, McGraw–Hill, ISBN 0-07-240217-2

外部連結

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流体静力学
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