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段规

段规
本名姓:姬
氏:段
名:规
国籍晋国韩氏家臣
活跃时期战国初期

段规(?—?),中国战国时期晉國公卿韩康子的家臣和謀士。

周貞定王十二年(晉出公十八年)(前457年),知伯瑶率領趙、韓、魏三家滅亡范氏中行氏後又攻伐鄭國,歸來後与韩康子虎、魏桓子驹在蓝台举行宴会,知瑶戏弄韩康子并侮辱段规,並對進諫的智國說:「只有我能為難別人,若我不對別人發難,又有誰敢為難我?」智國以列國過去因小怨釀成大禍的教訓,勸諫知伯既然已經與韓家君臣結怨,就必須小心防備二人將來伺機報復,知伯不聽。[1][2]

周貞定王十三年(晉出公十九年)(前456年),知伯瑶向韩氏索求領地。韩康子不想答應,段规劝韩康子說:「知伯的為人貪圖利益而且生性殘忍,要是不割讓土地,他必然會派兵攻打韓氏。君上不如先把土地給知伯,讓知伯更加驕橫自大,再向其他國君索取土地,等到有其他國君不聽從時,知伯一定會起兵攻打他。到時韓氏既可以免受禍難,又能等待事情的變化而行動。」韩康子於是同意贈給知伯萬戶之邑。知瑶又以同樣的方式成功向魏桓子取得萬戶之邑。唯獨赵襄子拒绝知伯割讓蔺、皋狼两地的要求。周貞定王十四年(晉出公二十年)(前455年),知瑶联合韩氏、魏氏攻打赵氏,赵襄子退守晋阳晋阳之战爆發;十六年(晉出公二十二年)(前453年),韩、魏倒戈,联合赵氏击杀了知瑶,族滅智氏並盡分其地,是为三家灭智。[3]

灭智后,段规劝说韩康子先占得成皋,韩康子嫌棄成皋遍布山石,無法保持水土開墾耕作,段规卻說此地能使韓國取得地利,將來可以出其不意奪取鄭國。韩康子採納了段規意見。至韓哀侯二年(前375年),韩国凭借成皋灭亡了郑国,遷都新鄭(今河南新鄭)。[4][5]

参考文献

  1. ^ 国语·晉語九》:還自衛,三卿宴于藍臺,智襄子戲韓康子而侮段規。智伯國聞之,諫曰:「主不備,難必至矣。」曰:「難將由我,我不為難,誰敢興之!」對曰:「異於是。夫郤氏有車轅之難,趙有孟姬之讒,欒有叔祁之愬,范、中行有亟治之難,皆主之所知也。夏書有之曰:『一人三失,怨豈在明?不見是圖。』周書有之曰:『怨不在大,亦不在小。』夫君子能勤小物,故無大患。今主一宴而恥人之君相,又弗備,曰『不敢興難』,無乃不可乎?夫誰不可喜,而誰不可懼?蜹蟻蜂蠆,皆能害人,況君相乎!」弗聽。
  2. ^ 資治通鑑·卷一》:及智宣子卒,智襄子為政,與韓康子、魏桓子宴於藍台。智伯戲康子而侮段規……。
  3. ^ 見《战国策·赵策一》。
  4. ^ 战国策·韩策一》:三晉已破智氏,將分其地。段規謂韓王曰:「分地必取成皋。」韓王曰:「成皋,石溜之地也,寡人無所用之。」段規曰:「不然,臣聞一里之厚,而動千里之權者,地利也。萬人之眾,而破三軍者,不意也。王用臣言,則韓必取鄭矣。」王曰:「善。」果取成皋。至韓之取鄭也,果從成皋始。
  5. ^ 《史記·韓世家》。
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段规
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