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楯齒龍屬

楯齿龙属
化石时期:中三叠世
无效状况
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行綱 Reptilia
目: 楯齒龍目 Placodontia
科: 楯齿龙科 Placodontidae
Cope, 1871
属: 楯齿龙属 Placodus
Agazzis, 1833
模式種
巨型楯齒龍 Placodus gigas
Agassiz, 1833
  • P. gigas Agassiz, 1833
  • P. nostratus Jiang et al., 2008

楯齒龍屬(屬名:Placodus)又名盾齒龍,是種已滅絕海生爬行動物,屬於楯齒龍目,生存於三疊紀中期的淺海地區,約2億4000萬年前,楯齒龍的化石發現於歐洲德國法國波蘭中國

古生物學

[编辑]
楯齒龍的身體骨骼
楯齒龍的頭顱骨(編號AMNH)
楯齒龍的上頜與齶骨

楯齒龍有略胖的身體與長尾巴、短頸部,身長約2公尺,可能生存在淺水區域。楯齒龍的強壯頭顱與牙齒顯示牠們特化為以貝類雙殼綱為食。楯齒龍用突出的前齒,將水底無脊椎動物的堅硬外殼拉扯出來,並用後方的平坦牙齒,將獵物外殼壓碎[1]。在早期的研究歷史,楯齒龍被認為有者類似魚類的牙齒。相似較小的牙齒位在齶骨。鑿狀的門齒從口鼻部前緣突出。

楯齒龍與其近親,對水生環境的適應,並不如較晚期的海生爬行動物(例如近親蛇頸龍類)。牠們的側向扁平尾巴與可能有蹼的短腿,可能是牠們在水中推進的工具。頭頂的顱頂眼可幫助這些動物尋找方向,而非單靠眼睛,顱頂眼的出現顯示是相當原始的特徵。楯齒龍的脊椎突彼此之間緊密的連結,所以牠們的身體是非常堅牢、不易彎曲的。腹部由彎曲的腹部肋骨形成的特殊護甲保護者。楯齒龍有密集的骨頭、厚重的腹部肋骨、背部骨頭上有一排骨瘤,所以牠們不能輕易漂浮,但可以輕易地停留在海床上尋找食物。身上的護甲可保護牠們免受掠食動物攻擊,但也妨礙牠們在陸地上的機動性,讓楯齒龍在陸地上緩慢又笨拙。牠們的確是陸地動物,但到海中尋找食物。牠們主要的食物是海床上的軟體動物腕足動物甲殼類

參考文獻

[编辑]
  1. ^ Palmer, D. (编). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. 1999: 70. ISBN 1-84028-152-9. 
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楯齒龍屬
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