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杨氏模量

楊氏模量,也称杨氏模数(英語:Young's modulus),一般將楊氏模量習慣稱爲彈性模量,是材料力學中的名詞。彈性材料承受正向應力時會產生正向應變,在形變量沒有超過對應材料的一定彈性限度時,定義正向應力與正向應變的比值为这种材料的楊氏模量。公式記為

或是

其中, 表示楊氏模量, 表示正向應力, 表示軸力, 表示斷面面積, 表示正向應變。

楊氏模量以英國科學家托马斯·杨命名。

各種材料的楊氏模量約值

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楊氏模量取決於材料的組成。舉例來說,大部分金屬在合金成分不同、熱處理在加工過程中的應用,其楊氏模量值會有5%或者更大的波動。正如以下的很多材料的楊氏模量值非常接近。

不同固體的楊氏模量約值
材料 楊氏模量 () / 楊氏模量 () / lbf/in²
橡膠(微小应变) 0.01-0.1 1,500-15,000
低密度聚乙烯 0.2 30,000
聚丙烯 1.5-2 217,000-290,000
聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯 2-2.5 290,000-360,000
聚苯乙烯 3-3.5 435,000-505,000
尼龍 2-4 290,000-580,000
橡木(颗粒表面) 11 1,600,000
高强度混凝土(受到压缩) 30 4,350,000
金屬鎂 45 6,500,000
玻璃(所有种类) 71.7 10,400,000
69 10,000,000
黄銅青銅 103-124 17,000,000
(Ti) 105-120 15,000,000-17,500,000
碳纤维强化塑料(单向,颗粒表面) 150 21,800,000
合金 190-210 30,000,000
(W) 400-410 58,000,000-59,500,000
碳化硅(SiC) 450 65,000,000
碳化鎢(WC) 450-650 65,000,000-94,000,000
單碳納米管[1] approx. 1,000 approx. 145,000,000
鑽石 1,050-1,200 150,000,000-175,000,000

单位

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楊氏模量的因次壓強,在SI單位制中,壓力的單位為Pa也就是帕斯卡。

但是通常在工程的使用中,因各材料楊氏模量的量值都十分的大,所以常以百萬帕斯卡(MPa)或十億帕斯卡(GPa)作為其單位。

  • (1牛顿每平方毫米为1MPa)
  • (1千牛顿每平方毫米为1GPa)

參看

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參考文獻

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  1. ^ ELECTRONIC AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES (PDF). [2005-08-21]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2005-10-29). 


换算公式
均质各向同性线弹性材料具有独特的弹性性质,因此知道弹性模量中的任意两种,就可由下列换算公式求出其他所有的弹性模量。
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杨氏模量
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