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椰鈴

椰鈴
椰鈴
樂器別名串珠葫蘆
分類敲擊樂器
H-S分類體鳴樂器
(112.13)
相關樂器
沙槌鐵沙鈴Afoxé英语Afoxé, Abwe英语Abwe
著名演奏家
Madeleine Yayodele Nelson英语Madeleine Yayodele Nelson

椰鈴約魯巴語Ṣẹ̀kẹ̀rẹ̀、英語:Schkere)是一種敲擊樂器,屬於體鳴樂器,又可稱為「串珠葫蘆」或音譯「舒卡奈」,於西非拉丁美洲都十分流行。

形像與沙槌很類近,兩者都是採用為葫蘆椰子、各種類等中至大體積的果實、經曬乾後再加工做成樂器。兩者最大的分別有:當果實曬乾後,椰鈴通常會把果實內的種子及果肉挖空取走,然後加上木製手柄,以及在樂器外圍套上了一層配滿了珠子英语bead,而演奏時通常只會一個,不會像沙槌般通常會一對使用。

現代的椰鈴,亦開始轉用塑膠碳纖維等材料作為外殼,珠子的配搭也多樣化,由可以供大量生產的塑膠質地的魚網及色彩多樣化的塑膠珠,到仍然採用繩編的繩網及手工精緻的人手串珠。至於手柄部份,亦由舊式的密封式木手柄,改為如古巴Afoxé英语Afoxé那種空手式的手柄,讓椰鈴有更重的共鳴

演奏方法

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椰鈴一般採取搖、拍、摩擦這三類演奏的手法[1][2]。「搖」就是手持木柄去搖動樂器,使網上的珠自然地與外殼撞擊;「拍」就是利用手掌拍打珠網,撞擊聲相比「拍」可營造出不同聲量的撞擊聲,亦可處理較頻密而準確的節奏,不過相對的回音會比「搖」較短,悶音亦較多;最後是以手指或手掌把網上的珠與外殼作摩擦,如鐵沙鈴般得出細緻而緊密的摩擦聲音。這三種演秦技巧都各有特式,可以配合在不同的情況下使用。

椰鈴在古巴音樂中佔有重要地位,相比沙槌,椰鈴體型較大,但靈巧度卻比沙槌優勝,因此常用於民間音樂及流行音樂內。

注釋

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  1. ^ Orovio, Helio 2004. Cuban music from A to Z. p52
  2. ^ Ortiz, Fernando 1952. Los instrumentos de la música Afrocubana. 5 volumes, La Habana, vol 2, p. 124.
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椰鈴
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