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核纤层蛋白

核纤层蛋白(英語:Nuclear lamins)也被称为第五类中间纤维Class V intermediate filaments),是细胞核中提供结构功能和调控转录纤维蛋白。核纤层蛋白与膜相关蛋白英语membrane-associated proteins相互交织,形成了核膜内侧下方的核纤层。核纤层蛋白涉及有丝分裂中核膜的解体与重建,以及核孔的定位。

A型与B型

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动物细胞中,可以通过其长度与等电点的不同把核纤层蛋白分为A型和B型。在人体细胞中有三个差异表达的基因

  • B型核纤层蛋白在所有细胞中都有表达。B型核纤层蛋白B1和B2两种亚型,分别由5q23上的LMNB1和19q13上的LMNB2基因编码。
  • A型核纤层蛋白只在原肠形成英语gastrulation(不是真体腔)中表达,核纤层蛋白A和C是最常见的A型核纤层蛋白,由1q21上的LMNA基因选择性剪接而来。

功能与结构

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这类蛋白定位于核区室中的两个区域,一个是核纖層核膜内侧的蛋白质内衬层,另一个为核质中核骨架撑起的核基质。

通过与其它中间纤维细胞骨架的比较可以发现核纤层蛋白在盘卷1b(coil 1b)中多了42个残基(六个七肽重复)。其C-端结构域还包括一个核定位信号(NLS),一个免疫球蛋白折叠样结构域(Ig-fold-like domain),在许多例子中C-端还包括一个CaaX盒且被异戊二烯化英语isoprenylated和羧甲基化(核纤层蛋白C不具有CAAX盒)。核纤层蛋白A会进一步加工移除最后15个氨基酸包括其中的异戊二烯化半胱氨酸

核纤层蛋白A和核纤层蛋白C可以头尾相对组成同源二聚体。

在有丝分裂中,核纤层蛋白被成熟促进因子英语Maturation promoting factor(MPF)磷酸化,从而使其解聚,核膜解体。在染色体分离后,核纤层蛋白去磷酸化,重建核膜。

另见

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外部链接

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核纤层蛋白
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