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柴窑

柴窯,據記載創建于五代後周顯德初年(954年)河南鄭州(一说開封),本是後周世宗柴榮的御窯,所以從北宋開始稱為柴窯。但是至今未發現實物及窯址,故不在當代公認的五大名窯鈞窯汝窯官窯哥窯定窯)之列。

根據明人謝肇淛《五雜俎》,民間傳聞周世宗帝柴榮曾要求御窯瓷色為“雨過青天雲破處,這般颜色做將來”。文震亨也在《長物志》中寫道:“柴窯最貴,世不一見。聞其製青如天、明如鏡、薄如紙、聲如磬"。另據明人曹昭寫的《格古要論》記載”世傳柴世宗時燒者,故謂之柴窯。天青色,滋潤細媚有細紋,多足麄黃土"。黃土應指未塗釉的底足部呈现瓷胚本来的粗黄色。

蘭浦、鄭廷桂在《景德镇陶錄》一書中說柴窯瓷:“為諸窯之冠”,並說柴窯瓷久不可得,即使殘件碎片,也值得珍重,用作服飾、帽飾、把玩件。世間傳說柴窯瓷片光芒奪目,甚至能夠阻礙箭矢(寶瑩射目,光可卻矢)。

古傳柴窯有八色((來源請求))。其他資料記載也有多種,颜色不光只在天青色(即藍色),還有黑、黄、白、橙紅、芝麻酱色(又稱茶葉末)多種((來源請求))。清宫所藏幾枚傳是柴窯皆黑而無青者,清人楊望泰就誤認為柴瓷"其色黄"((來源請求))。柴窑以天青色為主,其他尚有蝦青、豆青、豆綠等色,更又有一種不上釉者,呈现黄土色,即後代所謂銅骨(金胎)也((來源請求))。

柴窯出自五代,工藝及物料應用都是承傳自唐代三彩器之陶胎單色釉。所以其特徵可能與唐三彩單色釉相似。因是薄陶與瓷之混合製品,所以極輕,也為何是黃土胎。唐三彩單色釉表面銀寶光強烈因而被古人稱讚明如鏡。因薄陶所以輕如無物,易碎,也因此只能作裝飾擺件而非日用器。

柴窯之繼承品就是北宋汝窯,也就是民間誤傳宋徽宗命人找尋“雨過天青雲破處,這般颜色做將來”之天青色瓷器。柴窯出處應是張公巷,因張公巷是五代周世宗之御用官窯。傳世柴窯(註:尚未被官方確認),據民國二戰押店行內及現今市場消息,多出自河南平頂山老鄉之手。

記載

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柴窯相關紀錄最早見於明朝洪武二十一年(公元1388年)曹昭的《格古要论》,他在“古窯器論”中寫道“柴窯出北地。世傳柴世宗時燒者,故謂之柴窯。天青色,滋潤細媚有細紋,多足麄黃土,近世少見。”[1]

参考

[编辑]
  1. ^ 王学武. 柴窑的标准. 理财(经济). 2018, (3): 21–29. 
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柴窑
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