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柱础

《营造法式》柱础图

柱础的基座。在東亞古建筑中用于檐柱金柱中柱山柱的底端与台基之间。[1][2]

其功用有三:将柱子的重量分布在较大的面积传到地面;防水防潮;装饰。[3]

歷史沿革

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中國的柱础起源于商代,殷墟曾发掘出卵石形的原始柱础[4]

宋代营造法式》将柱础规范化:[5]

造柱础的制度,方形柱础的边长等于柱子直径的二倍,例如柱径二尺,柱础方四尺。柱础边长如在一尺四寸以下,柱础的厚度是按每尺边长厚八寸计算;凡柱础边长在三尺以上,础厚等于础边长的一半

東亞傳統建築柱础上的雕刻图案,有铺地莲花式、仰覆莲花式、覆盆莲花式、海石榴花式、游龙戏水式、宝莲花式、牡丹花式等。[6]

圖片

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參考文獻

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  1. ^ 李金龙. 识别中国古建筑. 上海书店出版社. 2008: 62–63. ISBN 978-7-80678-957-5. 
  2. ^ Poppeliers, John C. What Style is it?. New York, America: John Wiley & Sons. 1983: 104. ISBN 0-471-14434-7. 
  3. ^ 柱礎. nrch.culture.tw. [2020-01-02]. (原始内容存档于2020-01-02). 
  4. ^ 梁思成 《柱础简说》 《梁思成全集》第六卷355-368页
  5. ^ 李诫著 《营造法式》卷第三《石作制度》
  6. ^ 老古板的古建築之旅. 老古板的古建築之旅: 柱珠 與 磉石. 老古板的古建築之旅. 2017-01-02 [2020-01-02]. (原始内容存档于2020-01-02). 

參見

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  • 柱座:西洋建築類似構件
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柱础
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