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爱兰

Doogh
别称Doogh、Ayran、Tan、Daweh、Yogurt Milk
类型奶製品
上菜顺序飲料
起源地中亞、伊朗、土耳其
地区中亞 中東
上菜温度
主要成分優格食鹽
亞美尼亞葉里溫出售的罐裝碳酸Doogh

爱兰又稱杜格酸奶阿爾巴尼亞語Dhallë波斯語دوغ‎, dugh亞塞拜然語ayran阿拉伯語شنينةšinīna 或 عيران ayran土耳其語ayran亞美尼亞語tan普什圖語شلومبې‎;庫德語:ماستاو)是一种乳白色的冷饮,它由三分之一的優格和三分之二的盐水搅拌而成[1][2]。爱兰在中东中亚伊朗[3]土耳其[4]庫德斯坦亞美尼亞亞塞拜然哈薩克塔吉克斯坦吉爾吉斯[2]阿富汗[5]黎巴嫩敘利亞[6])以及东南欧地区(巴爾幹半島賽普勒斯)和俄羅斯[7]非常流行。[8]爱兰由突厥人在1000多年前发明,11世纪的突厥语大词典就有这种饮料的记载。土耳其总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安曾提倡将其作为酒的主要替代品。

一杯爱兰饮料

歷史

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據希林·西蒙斯所著,杜格酸奶長久以來都是古波斯(現今的伊朗一帶)的普及飲品。[9] 以及在一本1886年出版的著作中,有描述到以凝乳混合冷水,加以薄荷調味的杜格酸奶。[10] 它的名稱源自波斯語擠奶」(dooshidan)一詞。[11]

根據芮溫·哈利奇,杜格酸奶是傳統的突厥飲料,在公元1000年之前就被游牧的土耳其人飲用[4] 而據貝拉萊廷·科克和葉克亞·凱末爾·阿夫薩爾(穆斯塔法凱末爾大學食品工程系教授),在千年之前,古突厥首先製作出杜格酸奶,當時的人會用水稀釋有苦味的酸奶,來改善它的味道。[12]

大約在元1000年的土耳其字典突厥語大詞典把杜格酸奶定義為「以奶製成的飲料」。[13]

準備

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杜格酸奶是冷食,尤其是夏季,[14]經常用來做烤肉或米類的配菜。[15]杜格酸奶是由酸奶和冰水混合製成,[16]有時候會碳酸化和以薄荷調味。[11][17][18] 杜格酸奶又被稱為稀釋的酸奶[4] 和酸奶與冰水混合製成的最清爽的飲料。[19]

消费和材料

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土耳其

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土耳其是世界上生产爱兰最多的国家。[20][21]在土耳其,爱兰被视为一种单独的饮料。国际快餐公司在土耳其的分店中,菜单上有爱兰这种饮料。

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參見

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参考文献

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  1. ^ A. Y. Tamime (ed.). Fermented Milks. John Wiley & Sons. 2008: 124 [2019-01-23]. ISBN 9781405172387. (原始内容存档于2017-01-16). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Yildiz Fatih. Development and Manufacture of Yogurt and Other Functional Dairy Products. CRC Press. 2010: 10 [2023-12-11]. ISBN 9781420082081. (原始内容存档于2023-09-20). 
  3. ^ Sarina Jacobson,Danya Weiner. Yogurt: More Than 70 Delicious & Healthy Recipes"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2008. ISBN 1402747594 p 6
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Halici, Nevin. Turkish Delights. Gastronomica: The Journal of Critical Food Studies (University of California Press). 2013-04-27, 1 (1): 92–93. 
  5. ^ Nazif Shahrani, M. The Kirghiz and Wakhi of Afghanistan. 9780295803784: University of Washington Press. 2013: 92–93 [2019-01-23]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-12). 
  6. ^ A. Y. Tamime (ed.). Fermented Milks. John Wiley & Sons. 2008: 96. ISBN 9781405172387. 
  7. ^ Leslie Strnadel, Patrick Erdley. Bulgaria (Other Places Travel Guide). Other Places Publishing. 2012: 58 [2019-01-23]. ISBN 9780982261996. (原始内容存档于2016-12-21). 
  8. ^ Heyhoe, Kate. The ABC's of Larousse Gastronomique : ayran 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2002-01-23.
  9. ^ Simmons, Shirin. 波斯美食寶庫. Stamford House Publishing. 2007 [2019-08-25]. ISBN 1-904985-56-4. (原始内容存档于2020-07-26). 
  10. ^ Grosart, Alexander. "Soor-doock" and "doogh". The Academy and literature 30. 布萊克本. 1886-07-17: 59 [2019-08-25]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-26).  |number=被忽略 (帮助)
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 伊朗伊斯蘭共和國. 杜格酸奶的區域標準的項目文件 (CX/NEA 09/5/8) (PDF). 突尼西亞突尼斯: United Nations. Joint FAO/WHO food standards programme of the FAO/WHO coordinating committee for the Near East. 2009-01-26 [2011-06-26]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-05-18). 
  12. ^ Kocak, C., Avsar, Y.K., 2009. Ayran: Microbiology and Technology. In: Yildiz, F. (Ed.), Development and Manufacture of Yogurt and Functional Dairy Products. CRC Press, Boca Raton, U.S., pp. 123–141
  13. ^ 杜格酸奶. Etimoloji Türkçe. Telif Hakları. [2014-08-31]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04) (土耳其语). 
  14. ^ Gina Husamettin. 杜格酸奶 - 土耳其國家飲料. balkon3.com. [2013-10-05]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-12). 
  15. ^ 土耳其酪乳. www.kultur.gov.tr. 土耳其文化和旅遊部. [2013-10-05]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-18). 
  16. ^ Davis, P. H. Lake Van and Turkish Kurdistan: A Botanical Journey. The Geographical Journal. 1956, 122 (2): 156–165. doi:10.2307/1790844. 
  17. ^ A. Y. Tamime (ed.). 發酵乳製品. John Wiley & Sons. 2008: 124 [2019-01-23]. ISBN 9781405172387. (原始内容存档于2017-01-16). 
  18. ^ Yildiz Fatih. 酸奶和其他功能性乳製品的發展和生產. CRC Press. 2010: 10 [2019-08-25]. ISBN 9781420082081. (原始内容存档于2020-07-26). 
  19. ^ Lake Van and Turkish Kurdistan: A Botanical Journey P. H. Davis The Geographical Journal, Vol. 122, No. 2 (Jun., 1956), pp. 156–165 Published by: The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) Article doi:10.2307/1790844
  20. ^ The manufactured Ayran market of Turkey was of 67.000.000 YTL as of 2006 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2012-12-15.
  21. ^ 存档副本. [2012-12-09]. (原始内容存档于2008-02-07). 


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爱兰
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