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木管乐器

直笛

木管樂器(英語:Woodwind instrument)的歷史很久遠,大致上古代人類在動物的腿骨上打洞製造出來的原始笛子就是木管樂器的祖先。現代木管樂器是從各國民間音樂中使用的類似蘆笛、笛和之類的樂器發展而來。

木管樂器大致有兩種外形,一種是圓柱型,比如長笛和單簧管。另一種是圓錐型,比如雙簧管和大管。從發音原理來講,木管樂器分三類:

  1. 雙簧,又稱複簧,由兩片簧片相貼組成一個哨片,氣流通過兩片簧片之間的縫隙,使簧片帶動管內的空氣產生振動發聲。如雙簧管、英國管、巴松管。
  2. 單簧,只有一片簧片,氣流吹過簧片與吹嘴組成的縫隙,簧片帶動管內的空氣產生振動發聲,如單簧管,薩克斯風。
  3. 無簧,不使用簧片,氣流通過吹口邊緣的切口產生振動。比如笛類。

木管樂器在管身上開有音孔,通過堵住和放開特定的音孔改變管身的有效長度來產生不同的音高。

木管樂器在17世紀被正式接受為管絃樂隊中的標準配置。意大利法國的歌劇作家陸續在自己的作品中使用了木管樂器。木管樂器的表現力豐富,演奏技巧複雜。

木管樂器列表(按地方樂器分類)

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西洋樂器

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  • 無簧開管樂器
    • 長笛
    • 直笛
      • 超高音直笛
      • 高音直笛(Soprano)
      • 中音直笛(Alto)
      • 次中音直笛(Tenor)

中國民族樂器

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  • 无簧闭管乐器

日本雅樂樂器

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  • 自由簧樂器類

參看

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外部連結

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木管乐器
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