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瞻星魚科

瞻星魚科
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 辐鳍鱼綱 Actinopteri
目: 䲢形目 Uranoscopiformes
科: 瞻星魚科 Uranoscopidae
Bonaparte, 1831

瞻星魚科学名Uranoscopidae)又名䲢科,常訛作膽星魚科,為輻鰭魚綱䲢形目的其中一個

分布

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魚類廣泛分布於全球各大洋。

深度

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水深約5至400公尺。

特徵

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魚類頭大而近於立方形,背面多少平扁,頭頂及頭側有顯然發達之堅固骨板。口垂直位,下頷突出。眼睛在頭頂,眼後具有由眼肌所衍生而成的發電器。背鰭單一或兩枚。胸鰭大形,其上方有兩枚具二溝槽之強棘,其基部均有毒腺。

分類

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本科传统上被归类于鱸形目鱷鱚亞目,但鱷鱚亞目已知是个多系群。無論如何,本科已知可與玉筋鱼科(Ammodytidae)、冬𬶮科(Cheimarrichthyidae)及虎𬶮科(Pinguipedidae)組成單系群,且其演化位置位於鱸形目魨形目鮟鱇目等的外類群,因而被獨立出來成為鰧形目[1]

本科其下有11個屬[2]

無鱗鰧屬Ariscopus

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  • 暗紋無鱗鰧 Ariscopus iburius

星鰧屬Astroscopus

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  • 斑點星鰧 Astroscopus guttatus
  • 六棘星鰧 Astroscopus sexspinosus
  • 大西洋星鰧 Astroscopus y-graecum
  • 斜列星鰧 Astroscopus zephyreus

單鰭鰧屬Genyagnus

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  • 單鰭鰧 Genyagnus monopterygius

青鰧屬Gnathagnus

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  • 篩青鰧 Gnathagnus cribratus
  • 雀斑青鰧 Gnathagnus egregius
  • 大青鰧 Gnathagnus innotabilis

披肩鰧屬Ichthyscopus

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  • 頦鬚披肩鰧 Ichthyscopus barbatus
  • 橫帶披肩鰧 Ichthyscopus fasciatus
  • 對紋披肩鰧 Ichthyscopus insperatus
  • 披肩鰧 Ichthyscopus lebeck :又稱披肩瞻星魚。
    • 桑尼披肩鰧 Ichthyscopus lebeck sannio
  • Ichthyscopus pollicaris Vilasri, Ho, Kawai & Gomon, 2019[3]
  • 丑披肩鰧 Ichthyscopus sannio
  • 棘披肩鰧 Ichthyscopus spinosus

豎口鰧屬Kathetostoma

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  • 豎口鰧 Kathetostoma albiguttata
  • 光豎口鰧 Kathetostoma averruncus
  • 淺灰豎口鰧 Kathetostoma canaster
  • 庫巴豎口鰧 Kathetostoma cubana
  • 溪豎口鰧 Kathetostoma fluviatilis
  • 平頭豎口鰧 Kathetostoma giganteum
  • 褐豎口鰧 Kathetostoma laeve
  • 黑帶豎口鰧 Kathetostoma nigrofasciatum

側眼鰧屬Pleuroscopus

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  • 裸側眼鰧 Pleuroscopus pseudodorsalis

月鰧屬Selenoscopus

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  • 月鰧 Selenoscopus turbisquamatus

鰧屬Uranoscopus

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青鰧屬Xenocephalus

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  • 奇頭魴鮄 Xenocephalus armatus
  • 青鰧 Xenocephalus elongatus :又稱青瞻星魚。

項鱗鰧屬Zalescopus

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  • 薩摩項鱗鰧 Zalescopus satsumae

生態

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魚類為底棲性肉食性魚類,喜棲於沿岸沙泥底或石礫灘,具有潛入沙中之習性,僅露出眼和口且靜止不動,一有獵物接近立即將之吞下。有些種類在下頷內側有可伸出之長舌狀突出構造,稱為「呼吸瓣」,以此誘捕食物。

經濟利用

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可食用,但味劣,通常作下雜魚處理。

参考文献

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  1. ^ Betancur-R., R.; Wiley, E.O.; Arratia, G.; Acero, A.; Bailly, N.; Miya, M.; Lecointre, G. & Ortí, G. Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2017, 17 (162). OCLC 7079229862. PMC 5501477可免费查阅. PMID 28683774. S2CID 26509184可免费查阅. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3可免费查阅. 
  2. ^ Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) (2019). Uranoscopidae. FishBase. Version 2019-09.
  3. ^ Veera Vilasri, Hsuan-Ching Ho, Toshio Kawai and Martin F. Gomon. 2019. A New Stargazer, Ichthyscopus pollicaris (Perciformes: Uranoscopidae), from East Asia. Zootaxa. 4702(1); 49–59. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4702.1.10

外部链接

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瞻星魚科
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