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施肩吾 (唐朝)

施肩吾(780年—861年),希聖東齋睦州分水(今浙江杭州市富阳区)人[1]唐朝官员、道学家、诗人。

生平

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少年修習佛學,与徐凝在安隐寺(龙门寺)读书,博学经史。元和十五年(820年)登庚子进士。未授官即告歸,张籍有《送施肩吾东归》诗送之。

后转而学道,隐居西山(属今江西新建县)。据赵道一《历世真仙体道通鉴》与苗善时《纯阳帝君神化妙通纪》记载,施肩吾初得仙人许逊五种内丹诀及神丹诸方,后再遇吕洞宾传授内炼金液还丹大道,于是隐居西山[2]

連橫在1920年出版的《臺灣通史》描述施肩吾曾率領族人移居澎湖[3]。咸通二年(861年)去世[4][5]。施肩吾是否去了澎湖,在1960年左右引起一場論戰。[6]:15、16

著作

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著有《养生辨疑诀》[7]、《真仙传道集》二卷[8]、《太白经》、《西山群仙会真记》五卷[9]、《华阳真人秘诀》、《黄帝阴符经解》、《钟吕传道集》等,另尚有诗集《西山集》10卷存世。

辨誤

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晁公武的《郡齋讀書志》和陳振孫的《直齋書錄解題》皆將五代宋初施肩吾的作品《西山群仙會真記序》和《座佑銘》二文誤植給唐代的施肩吾。

注釋

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  1. ^ 全唐诗》称施肩吾是洪州(今江西南昌)人。
  2. ^ 王定保唐摭言》卷八“及第后隐居”条谓其:“以洪州之西山乃十二真君羽化之地,灵迹具存,慕其真风,高蹈于此。尝赋《闲居遣兴》诗一百韵,大行于世。”
  3. ^ 台灣通史》記載:“及唐中葉,施肩吾始率其族,遷居澎湖。肩吾,汾水人,元和中進士,隱居不仕,有詩行於世。其題澎湖一詩,鬼市鹽水,足寫當時之景象。”
  4. ^ 齐己《过西山施肩吾旧居》说施肩吾:“鹤见丹成去,僧问栗熟来。”
  5. ^ 宋代黄伯思《东观馀论》卷下《跋施真人集后》亦云:“肩吾隐豫章西山,莫知其终,江右人至今传以为仙。”
  6. ^ 許宗傑. 《清代澎湖方志研究》需要免费注册 (中國文化大學中國文學系碩士论文). 2011-01. 
  7. ^ 《唐志》
  8. ^ 《宋志》
  9. ^ 明代《正统道藏》洞神部方法类收《西山群仙会真记》五卷,《养生辨疑诀》一卷,题“栖真子施肩吾述”。
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施肩吾 (唐朝)
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