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方技家

方技家,學術派别,於先秦至汉初成形,主要研究养生医药。《汉书·艺文志》記載:「方技者,皆生生之具,王官之一守也。」

方技家以医学为理论基础,但研究范围宽于医学,包括后世的医家与方士、房中、神仙二家后世多归入道家。

方技家甚至还由治身論及治国,《汉书·艺文志》指出方技家特点為“论病以及国,原诊以知政”。

分支

據《汉书.艺文志》記載,方技家分为「医经」、「经方」、「神仙」、「房中」四個派別。

代表人物

  1. 岐伯
  2. 俞跗
  3. 伊尹
  1. 扁鵲
  2. 秦和
  • 漢初
  1. 倉公

其中以扁鹊最为知名

著作

扁鹊本來著有《扁鹊内经》九卷、《外经》十二卷,今全佚。今日流传下來扁鹊所作《难经》一书,應該是后人的伪作。而《汉书·艺文志》則录有“方技三十六家,八百六十八卷”,今大多佚,只有《黄帝内经》流传下来,现在分为《素问》、《灵枢》二书。

其他意思

后世“方技”一词不限於本來方技家研究範圍,泛指医、

數術家與陰陽家及方技家很有關聯,因此三者界限不甚清晰,後世亦逐漸將之合流。医家亦有时归入方技家。

參考

参考網站

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方技家
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