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九流十家

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九流十家一稱出自班固漢書·藝文志·諸子略序》,班固儒家观点編書,评论各家思想,「諸子十家;其可觀者,九家而已。」

九流十家包括司馬談〈論六家要旨〉的六家:「道德﹑儒﹑墨﹑名﹑法﹑陰陽」,即是現在流行的順序:道家儒家墨家名家法家陰陽家

另外四家是 縱橫家雜家農家小說家,當中以小說家不入流, 知名度亦較低。

《漢書・藝文志》持諸子百家出於王官論

  • 道家者流,蓋出於史官(史官掌紀錄典籍)。”
  • 儒家者流,蓋出於司徒之官(司徒掌教育)。”
  • 墨家者流,蓋出於清廟之守(清廟之守掌祀典)。”
  • 名家者流,蓋出於禮官(禮官掌禮秩)。”
  • 法家者流,蓋出於理官(理官掌刑法)。”
  • 陰陽家者流,蓋出於羲和之官(羲和掌星曆)。”
  • 縱橫家者流,蓋出於行人之官(行人掌朝覲聘問)。”
  • 雜家者流,蓋出於議官(議官乃諫官議郎之屬)。”
  • 農家者流,蓋出於農稷之官(神農、后稷教民稼穡)。”
  • 小說家者流,蓋出於稗官(稗官乃小官)。”

「小說家」以外的九家即為「九流」,與「三教九流」的「九流」相同。

評論

胡適評《藝文志略序》時,評班固為文太過主觀,不夠客觀。

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九流十家
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