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支架

植入於外圍血管的支架
安裝在食道內的自膨式金属食管支架英语Self-expandable metallic stent

支架stent)是一種應用於植入型外科手術的管狀器具,以治療體內病變的管道(例如血管食道輸尿管胰管等),恢復管道的正常運輸功能。支架置入(stenting)就是放置支架的處置過程。

支架一般是永久或半永久植入於患者體內,但亦可以意指手術中用以臨時維持管道形狀的輔助工具。

種類

支架使用的物料有不銹鋼,鎳鈦合金或鈷鉻合金,而不同支架又有不同的構造:

  • 傳統支架英语bare-metal stent,也称金属裸支架,是單純的金屬網狀管
  • 塗藥支架英语drug-eluting stent,以藥物抑制管道細胞增殖防止血栓的形成而展開支架。[1]
  • 覆膜支架英语coated stent graft,單純的金屬網狀管外覆以一层特殊膜性材料,以起到隔绝内外交通的作用,可以通过介入置入。
  • 支架血管英语coated stent graft,單純的金屬網狀管外覆以一层人工编制血管,用以手术直视下置入。

使用範疇

  • 冠狀血管或以外的外圍血管、主动脉手術如冠狀動脈再成形術血管再成形術、腔内隔绝术。
  • 治療因為腎結石腎積水或腫塊導致輸尿管閉塞
  • 矯正因為良性前列腺增生症壓迫尿道所導致的排尿不暢順,前列腺支架又可以分為臨時性和永久性兩種,前者可以由泌尿科醫生替患者進行不麻醉植入維持大約30天後移除,後者是需要對脊髓進行麻醉的外科手術。
  • 治療因為食管良性疾病(如瘢痕、良性肿瘤)或恶性肿瘤所致食管狭窄,以改善进食功能。
  • 治療因為气管良性疾病(如瘢痕、良性肿瘤)或恶性肿瘤所致气管狭窄,以改善呼吸和排痰功能。

參考資料

  1. ^ Drug Eluting Stents. 布朗大學. 2004年 [2011-02-13]. (原始内容存档于2011-05-21) (英语). 

外部連結

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支架
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