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冠脉循环

冠脉循环(coronary circulation)[1][2]冠状血管循环,是心脏本身的血液供应系统,除毛细血管外,主要组成的冠状血管称为冠状动脉、冠状静脉,两者如花冠状缠绕心脏。

冠状动脉

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冠状动脉属于动脉,在主动脉瓣附近从主动脉分支出来,并分为左冠状动脉(left coronary artery,LCA)、右冠状动脉(right coronary artery,RCA)。

左冠状动脉在其分支处 10-25mm后分出回旋支(left circumflex artery,LCX)和前降支(left anterior descending,LAD)。后者在左右心室间延伸至心尖。分支之前被称为左主干(left main artery,LM)。左冠状动脉保证心脏前壁和侧壁的心肌供血。

右冠状动脉起源于主动脉瓣的右冠瓣,有一主分支——后室间支(Ramus interventricularis posterior,RIVP)。在一般解剖构造下,由右冠状动脉提供右室、右房、左室部分、后壁、窦房结、房室结之血流。

分布类型

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若左冠状动脉提供后壁和结的供血,则被称为「左优势型」,相反则被称为「右优势型」,正常情况被称为「均衡型」。

约50 %的人是均衡型;在此解剖构造下,左冠状动脉支配:

  • 左心房
  • 左心室的心肌
  • 室间隔的大部分
  • 右心室的前壁部分

而右冠状动脉支配:

  • 右心房
  • 右心室的心肌
  • 室间隔的后部
  • 窦房结
  • 房室结
  • 部分左心室

冠状静脉

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冠状静脉主要有冠状窦(开口于右心房),心前静脉和心最小静脉。冠状窦主要属支有:心大静脉,心中静脉和心小静脉。

疾病

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冠狀動脈阻塞治療

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當冠狀動脈出現阻塞、影響心臟正常搏動時,就必須進行手術。冠狀動脈氣球擴張術(balloon angioplasty),由桡动脉或股动脉放入導管沿著血管向上一直到冠狀動脈阻塞處,再將氣球撐開藉以擴張被堵塞的血管。但手術後又會經常發生再度狹窄,因此有時會使用圓柱狀支架來協助血管保持通暢。如果阻塞的情形非常的嚴重,就必須進行冠狀動脈血管繞道(coronary artery bypass graft,CABG)的手術。

参考

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  1. ^ https://www.termonline.cn/word/1343723001111224322/1#s1
  2. ^ http://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/306452/

相關

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冠脉循环
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