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挟天子以令诸侯

挟天子以令诸侯,又称为奉天子以令不臣[1],最原始的意思是挟制着天子,用天子的名义向天下诸侯发号施令,類似句子在漢末三國時期多次出現,现在的意思为用领导人的名义,指挥别人做事。

語源

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春秋

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夾輔周室」之說法最早出自《左传·鲁僖公四年》。鲁僖公四年(西元前656年)春天,齊桓公以諸侯之師攻打蔡國,蔡國戰敗,於是齊國就攻打楚國楚成王就遣使對齊師說:「貴國處於北海,寡人處於南海,是風馬牛不相及。何故貴國要涉入吾地?」,管仲回應說:「從前召康公命我先君大公說:『五侯九伯,你要征服他們,以挾輔周室。』」[2],此處「挾」是輔助之意思,並非挾持、挾制之意。

戰國

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張儀先後勸說秦惠文王秦武王東攻周室,挾天子以令於天下[3]

漢末三國

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東漢末年天下大亂,漢帝先後被十常侍何進董卓李傕郭汜等爭來奪去。「挾天子而令諸侯」一句則出自漢末三國時期多番遊說。例如據《後漢書·袁紹傳》與《三國志·袁紹傳》,沮授遊說袁紹曰:「今州城粗定,兵強士附,西迎大駕(漢獻帝),即宮鄴都挾天子而令諸侯,蓄士馬以討不庭,誰能禦之?」最終曹操奉漢獻帝遷都許昌,控制了漢獻帝[4]。同時還獲得了原漢室大批官員,也贏得了當時大批文人士子歸心,此等人為曹操出謀劃策,使曹操能最終平定北方。當時其他變體有:

参考文献

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  1. ^ 《三国志·魏书·毛玠传》
  2. ^ s:春秋左氏傳/僖公#僖公四年》:春,齐侯以诸侯之师侵蔡,蔡溃,遂伐楚。楚子使与师言曰:君处北海,寡人处南海,唯是风马牛不相及也。不虞君之涉吾地也何故?管仲对曰:昔召康公命我先君大曰:五侯九伯,女实征之,以夹(音挟)辅周室。
  3. ^ s:史記三家註/卷070
  4. ^ s:三國志/卷01#武帝》:建安元年(196年)春正月,太祖軍臨武平,袁術所置陳相袁嗣降。太祖將迎天子,諸將或疑,荀彧程昱勸之

参见

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挟天子以令诸侯
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