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布衣将相

布衣将相,史家对西汉初年将相出身的概括。西汉政权建立后形成的由布衣出身的人致身将相。

西汉开国诸臣致身将相者, 绝大多数“起自布衣”,形成“布衣将相之局”。原因主要是经过秦灭六国秦朝灭亡、楚汉之争,原来的周朝战国七雄贵族都已经破灭,新的贵族官僚势力没有形成。布衣原指穿麻布衣服的人,后来成为一般平民的代称,其中包括农民和手工业者等劳动人民,也包括没有官爵的平民地主。西汉开国君臣,刘邦是自耕农出身,刘邦的部下除张良出身于韩国贵族外,多来自下层社会。萧何原为沛县主吏掾;曹参原为沛县狱掾;陈平幼年家贫,用席做门户;周勃以编织养蚕用的苇箔为生,并经常给办丧事的人家吹萧;樊哙以屠狗为业;灌婴以贩卖丝绸谋生。其他王陵陆贾郦商郦食其夏侯婴等都是出身平民。

参考文献

[编辑]
  • 《中国成人教育百科全书》
  • 《中国历史大事典》
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布衣将相
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